The present review aims to outline the research on biological activities and phytochemical composition of Solennostemma argel Del. Hayenne reported in literature from 1980 to late 2017. The plant is indigenous to Africa, has a beneficial side in the folk medicine, and is used to treat many diseases including kidney, liver, stomach diseases, and some allergies in different places worldwide, particularly in African countries, Saudi Arabia, and Palestine. Substantial studies indicate that S. argel contains a variety of compounds and provides diverse bioactivities with no toxicity. This review paper focuses mainly on the herbal uses, phytochemicals, pharmacological activities, and agricultural applications, further study should be given to identify and evaluate the potential compounds of Argel plant that have biological activities in medicine and agriculture, which should be useful for further advance study and application.

The aim of this study is to investigate preliminary antifungal activity of three essential oils by disc diffusion method, the essential oils of three plants used in traditional Sudanese medicine namely Mentha spicata (Lamiaceae), Cymbopogon schoenanthus L. (Poaceae), and Citrus reticulata (Rutaceae), was evaluated for their ability to inhibit the growth of selected phytopathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris (causing wilt in chick pea) and the standard fungi Aspergillus niger was used for comparison. Essential oils were extracted by hydrodistilation using Clevenger apparatus. The experiment was carried out using disc diffusion method in different concentrations of essential oil on PDA culture at 25°C. The result showed essential oil of studied plants in all concentrations had completely inhibited growth for tested fungi.

The physicochemical properties of the natural Gum are very important in determining their commercial value and their use. Herein, the present study aims to identify differences in physicochemical properties of Kakamut Gum (Acacia polyacntha) and Hashab Gum (Acacia Senegal). Samples of Gums were collected as follows: Kakamut Gum from Um fakarin forest and Hashab Gum from Eldemokeya forest, North Kordofan State 2008-2009. The two samples were subjected to laboratory analyzed in Warm Seas Agro Business, Elobeid Agricultural Research Station, and Sudanese Standards and Metrology Organization. The study revealed that there were significant differences (p < 0.01) in moisture (dry matter) and optical rotation. Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in the percentage of ash content and viscosity. However, there were no significant differences found in the percentage of the crude fiber, nitrogen (protein), pH, and purity between the two samples. The results obtained demonstrate clearly the physical and chemical characteristics of the two Gums samples and also, throw lights on their nutritional purposes. As well as the study of the physicochemical properties of Kakamut Gum and compare it with Hashab Gum, proved the potential contribution of the Kakamut tree (Acacia Polyacantha) in the Gum production and not depend solely on the Gum produced from the Hashab tree (Acacia Senegal).

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This study aimed to survey, characterize, and identify the causal pathogen of tomato bacterial spots (TBS). The survey evaluated the disease incidence and severity on tomato cultivated in Blue Nile State during the autumn season 2015. The surveyed sites were in Alrosseris and Aldmazein localities. Four farms were selected from each locality. Symptomatic leaves were collected and sent to plant pathology laboratory, Department of Crop protection, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Khartoum for detection of the pathogen. Pathogenicity of the isolated bacteria was confirmed by relevant test. The pathogen was isolated and characterized morphologically, biochemically and at molecular level. The survey revealed that there was no significant difference in disease incidence within each locality, while there were significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) among locations within both localities in disease severity. The disease incidence was remarkably high in Alrosseris and Aldamazein which recorded 49.27 and 52.17 %, respectively, while the disease severity was 28.28 and 30.32%, respectively. The results showed that the isolates were rod shaped, obligate aerobic, Gram negative, catalase positive, oxidase negative, and were able to hydrolyse starch and gelatine, yellow colonies on nutrient agar and Yeast Dextrose Calcium carbonate (YDC) media. In the pathogenicity test, the bacterium known as Xanthomonas vesicatoria was confirmed to be as  Xanthomonas euvesicatoria by PCR and sequence analysis of the 16S RNA gene (Gen Bank Accession No's MH047248, MH051263 and MG686236).These results also indicate that the tomato plants grown in Blue Nile State were highly infected by the bacterial leaf spots. Further studies should be considered to determine potential yield loss caused by the pathogen, as well as control strategies to limit the spread of this pathogen. To our knowledge, this is the first report of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria causing bacterial spot disease in tomato in Sudan