This study describes a dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction combined with dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on phenyl-functionalized magnetic sorbent for the preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental water, sugarcane juice, and tea samples prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis. Several important parameters affecting the extraction efficiency were investigated thoroughly, including the mass of sorbent, type and volume of extraction solvent, extraction time, type of desorption solvent, desorption time, type and amount of salt-induced demulsifier, and sample volume. Under the optimized extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric conditions, the method revealed good linearity (10-100000 ng/L) with coefficient of determination (R ) of ≥0.9951, low limits of detection (3-16 ng/L), high enrichment factors (61-239), and satisfactory analyte recoveries (86.3-109.1%) with the relative standard deviations < 10% (n = 5). The entire sample preparation procedure was simple, rapid and can be accomplished within 10 min. This method was applied (after pretreatment) to 30 selected samples, and the presence of studied analytes was quantified in 17 samples.

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A simple and rapid microextraction method termed as ultrasound-assisted surfactant enhanced emulsification microextraction (UASEME) was developed for the determination of fluoranthene (FLU) and phenanthrene (PHE) in aqueous samples followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Six important parameters, that affect the extraction efficiency of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were evaluated and the results were as follows; extraction solvent (toluene), volume of extraction solvent (30 µL), surfactant (Tween 20), volume of surfactant (15 µL), extraction time (2 minutes) and with no salt addition. Under the optimum conditions, the method showed good linearity over the concentration range from 1-1000 µg L-1 with correlation coefficients (R 2 ≥ 0.9932), acceptable limits of detection (0.3 µg L-1) and limits of quantification (1.0 µg L-1) for both analytes. Good relative recovery values, in the range of 91.75-104.1%, were obtained for tap water samples. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 1.62-10.32% (n = 3). The proposed method was applied for the determination of FLU and PHE in tap water and sugarcane juices.