No abstract

The effects of Trichoderma harzianum, T. hamatum, T. viride, T. polysporum, and T. koningii on the wilt disease complex of chickpea caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Rhizoctonia solani were investigated under field conditions during 2 consecutive years. Chickpea cultivar Avrodhi, grown in plots inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and R. solani, showed chlorosis of leaves and wilting of foliage and exhibited a 22%-25% decrease in yield. Soil application of biocontrol agents (BCAs) checked the severity of wilt by 25%-56% and 39%-67% and increased the yield of chickpea by 12%-28% and 8%-24% in the 2 years, respectively. The disease control and yield enhancement were highest with T. harzianum, followed by T. hamatum and T. viride. Carbendazim treatment suppressed the disease by 20%-24%, leading to a 23%-28% improvement in the yield of chickpea. The BCAs established in the soil, and their rhizosphere populations, increased in the pathogen-infested plots. The study has demonstrated that T. harzianum, T. hamatum, and T. viride may perform as well as fungicide against wilt disease in chickpeas.

No abstract

Mycoparasites cause serious losses in profitable mushroom farms worldwide. The negative impact of green mold (Trichoderma harzianum) reduces cropping surface and damages basidiomes, limiting production and harvest quality. The goal of the current study was to evaluate new generation fungicides, to devise suitable management strategies against the green mold disease under prevailing agro-climatic conditions. Six non-systemic and five systemic fungitoxicants were evaluated for their efficacy against pathogen, T. harzianum, and host, Agaricus bisporus, under in vitro conditions. Among non-systemic fungicides, chlorothalonil and prochloraz manganese with mean mycelium inhibition of 76.87 and 93.40 percent, respectively, were highly inhibitory against the pathogen. The least inhibition percentage of 7.16 of A. bisporus was exhibited by chlorothalonil. Under in vivo conditions, use of captan 50 WP resulted in a maximum yield of button mushroom of 14.96 kg/qt. So far, systemic fungicides were concerned, carbendazim proved extremely inhibitory to the pathogen (89.22%), with least inhibitory effect on host mycelium (1.56%). However, application of non-systemic fungitoxicants further revealed that fungicide prochloraz manganese 50 WP at 0.1–0.2 percent or chlorothalonil 50 WP at 0.2 percent, exhibited maximum disease control of 89.06–96.30 percent. Moreover, the results of systemic fungitoxicants showed that carbendazim 50 WP or thiophanate methyl 70 WP at 0.1 percent reduced disease to 2.29–3.69 percent, hence exhibiting the disease control of 80.11–87.66 percent. Under in vivo conditions, fungicide myclobutanil at 0.1 percent concentration produced the maximum button mushroom production of 12.87 kg/q.