Diabetes has become the most prevalent endocrine disorder as it has continued to increase. Diabetes mellitus cases are remarkably increasing in our country every year. Diabetes is characterized by a pathophysiology that leaves diabetic patients more prone to infection and to developing skin and soft tissue infections that are more complicated. The risk of infection is increased in diabetic patients, and their mutation potential is detrimental, resulting in a higher morbidity and mortality rate than in the general population. Infections of the skin and soft tissues (SSTIs) involve microbial invasions, and they differ in presentation and severity. A total 445 participants 15 to > 40 years of age participated in this study. Out of total respondent, 48.53% and 51.46% were male and female, respectively. Among the total, the highest percentage of the respondent were around 36- 40 years old 52 (22.70%) followed by 31-35 years old 44 (19.65%), 26-30 year old (13.27%), > 40 years old (13.10%), 21-25 years old 29 (12.66%), 16-20 years old 23 (12.04%) and 10-15 years old 20 (8.73%). Out of total 216 males, 179 (82.87%) were infected with soft and tissue infection while out of total 229 females, 206 (89.95%) were infected with soft and tissue infection. Overall prevalence of soft and tissue infection in patients of diabetic mellitus was 86.51%. The maximum respondent belonged to rural areas while minimum respondents from urban areas. 37.66% mild level of exercise was recorded in diabetic patients followed by 25.71% moderate level, and 19.74% heavy level of exercise recorded. Only 16.88% of patients recorded no level of exercise. Majority of respondents used oral medications (51.63%) followed by insulin (47.62%), do exercise (15.76%) and use nutritious food or fruits (9.59%). The study concluded that patients with poorly controlled and uncontrolled blood glucose levels were more likely to develop skin and soft tissue infections. In order to achieve favorable postoperative outcomes, it is essential to make fast and case-adapted therapeutic decisions, as well as to observe the patient's general condition and his wound on a daily basis. Keywords: Diabetes

A breast abscess is a localised collection of purulent material within the breast. Its first-line treatment was incision and drainage under general anaesthesia. But it prolonged the morbidity, whereas aspiration developed as a less invasive solution to the problem. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare the outcome of breast abscess management with both aspiration and incision and drainage techniques. It comprised 60 patients presented at LRH, Peshawar and LUMHS, Jamshoro, (July 2021 to December 2021). The mean age of the presented gyne patients was 34.78+10.55 years. Females with breast abscesses were allocated into two groups carrying 31 and 29 patients in lactational and non-lactational phases, respectively. Results revealed that post-surgical complications including scarring, breast asymmetry, mammary fistula and sepsis were significantly higher (p<0.05) in patients treated with incision and drainage as compared to the aspiration-managed women. Therefore, percutaneous aspiration was found more successful and effective than incision drainage. Keywords: Breast scarring; Mammary fistula; Pus drainage; Surgical complications.

Aim: To access the diagnostic value of the mean platelet volume in children with acute appendicitis. Study design: A case control study Place and duration: In the Surgical department of Bilawal Medical College for Boys LUMHS, Jamshoro and Sheikh Zayed Medical College/ Hospital Rahim Yar Khan for six-months duration from July 2021 to December 2021. Methods: 150 total patients were selected with the WHO formula with SD 1.09, 80% power, 5% significance level with cases to control ratio of 1:1 and expected populace 7.55. The patients were selected with simple random technique of sampling (lottery method). The continuous variables of both groups were compared by means of the t-test. To determine the association of MPV with other variables; correlation test was applied. Results: The study included 150 patients; 35 (46.7%) are men and 40 (53.3%) are women in the study group and 34 (45.3%) men and 41 (54.7%) women in the control group. 8.21 ± 3.51 (1-15 years) was the mean age of the patients in the study group and the mean age of the controls was 8.69 ± 3.51 (1-15 years). The specificity for raised neutrophil and WBC values was 91% and 89%, and the sensitivity was 77% and 84%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity to MPV reduction was 87% and 54%. Conclusion: The increase in the leukocytes and neutrophils is significantly associated with acute appendicitis diagnosis. It is less costly and less time-consuming which cause more attention to MPV values during complete blood counts in the acute appendicitis diagnosis among pediatric patients. The low MPV levels are encountered in children with acute appendicitis. Keywords: High white blood cell count, acute appendicitis, specificity, mean platelet volume (MPV).