The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the addition of synthesized hydroxyapatite (HA) and fluorapatite (FA) nanoparticles to a glass-ionomer cement (GIC) on the mechanical properties, while preserving their unique and potent clinical properties.Bioceramics, such as HA and FA, have been recognized as restorative materials (e.g. GICs) in dentistry due to their chemical and biological compatibility with human hard tissues, which are considered calcium phosphate complexes. In this study, both of these inorganic nanoparticles (HA and FA) were synthesized via a wet-chemical precipitation method. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma

The corrosion of refractories in contact with high temperature aluminum-magnesium alloys leads to contamination of the Al-Mg alloy products by solid impurities from degraded refractories. Where both the spinel and corundum phases form in the refractories, cracks are generated and propagated by diffusion of molten Al-Mg, resulting in severe corrosion. In this review paper, the corrosion phenomenon is discussed, and published work is summarized, supplemented by our recent experimental results. Using the Alcan immersion test, materials based on white-fused mullite (WFM) were evaluated for their corrosion resistance and interfacial behavior. WFM was modified using different 2-wt.% of non-wetting additives (NWAs), such as BaSO4, CaF2, Secar®71 cement and wollastonite to improve their performance when in contact with molten Al-Mg alloy at 850 °C for 96 h. The mechanical properties of the samples such as flexural and compressive strength were evaluated, in addition to X-ray diffraction and microscopic analysis (optical and scanning electron microscopy coupled with X-ray elemental mapping). It was observed that cracks formed in samples were promoted with only BaSO4, CaF2, Secar®71 cement or wollastonite. However, cracks did not appear in the sample promoted with both 1-wt.% CaF2 and 1-wt.% BaSO4, because of improved anti-wetting properties in addition to inhibiting spinel (MgAl2O4) formation, which is the main cause of the cracks. This is a significant finding in the prevention of cracks and improvement of the refractory corrosion resistance.

No abstract

No abstract

The behavior of Mo in contact with molten Al was modelled by classical molecular dynamics (CMD) simulation of a pure Mo solid in contact with molten Al at 1200 K using the Materials Studio®. Results showed that no reaction or cross diffusion of atoms occurs at the Mo(s)–Al(l) interface, and that molten Al atoms exhibit an epitaxial alignment with the exposed solid Mo crystal morphology. Furthermore, the two phases {Mo(s) and Al(l)} are predicted to interact with weak van der Waals forces and give interfacial energy of about 203 mJ/m2. Surface energy measurements by the sessile drop experiment using the van Oss–Chaudhury–Good (VCG) theory established a Mo(s)–Al(l) interface energy equivalent to 54 mJ/m2, which supports the weak van der Waals interaction. The corrosion resistance of a high purity (99.97%) Mo block was then tested in a molten alloy of 5% Mg mixed in Al (Al-5 wt.%Mg) at 1123 K for 96 h, using the ALCAN’s standard “immersion” test, and the results are presented. No Mo was found to be dissolved in the molten Al-Mg alloy. However, a 20% mass loss in the Mo block was due to intergranular corrosion scissoring the Mo block in the ALCAN test, but not as a result of the reaction of pure Mo with the molten Al-Mg alloy. It was observed that the Al-Mg alloy did not stick to the Mo block.