Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent cancer among the Head and Neck Squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) group. Most OSCC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages, resulting in poor survival and a high mortality rate. This study aimed to investigate the changes in expression levels of miR-589-5p, miR-569, and c-Fos (as a target gene) in tumor and adjacent normal tissues from OSCC patients. Also, the association between the c-Fos gene expression and several clinicopathological factors was evaluated. Methods: c-Fos was predicted as a potential target gene of miR-589-5p and miR-569 using the Mirwalk and miRDB bioinformatic algorithms. The expression levels of these miRNAs and c-Fos target gene in 30 OSCC tissues compared to their adjacent-normal tissue samples were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. In addition, the potential diagnostic values of miR-589-5p and miR-569 in OSCC as risk factors of carcinogenesis were assessed by ROC curve analysis. Results: c-Fos expression was significantly increased, while miR-589-5p and miR-569 gene expressions were decreased in tumor tissues compared to normal tissues. The increased c-Fos expression was also significantly correlated with tumor necrosis (p=0.034). We found that downregulation of miR-589-5p and miR-569 was negatively correlated with overexpression of the c-Fos target gene. The area under the curve (AUC) of mir-589-5p and mir-569 was 0.865 and 0.591, respectively. Conclusion: miR-589-5p may serve as a potent diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for OSCC patients and be a potential approach to early diagnosis or prognosis of OSCC in the future. c-Fos overexpression may have a role in OSCC progression and necrosis.

Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done, using aggressive methods such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as the measurement of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA (miRNA) is a small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21 to 23 nucleotides. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine of patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy controls. Methods: A total of 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy subjects with negative biopsy reports were collected. The expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were detected by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (P = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (P = 0.000) compared with the control group. The specificity, sensitivity, and area under the curve (AUC) were 100, 72.14, and 0.721% for combined panels of miR-21 and miR-214 and 63.33, 61.43, and 0.620%, respectively, for PSA. Conclusions: miR-21 and miR-214 showed significant change in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared with healthy subjects. It is hoped that, with further research, a combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.

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Background: Prostate cancer is the most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. Diagnosis in this cancer is primarily done using aggressive methods, such as biopsy. Laboratory methods, such as measurement of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in the blood, do not have high sensitivity and specificity. MicroRNAs, a group of diagnostic biomarkers, can be used to diagnose diseases such as cancer. MicroRNA is small, non-coding, single-stranded RNA with a length of 21-23 nucleotides. The present study was undertaken to investigate changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine to detect prostate cancer. Methods: Testing was done on 70 urine samples from prostate cancer patients (32 metastatic and 38 non-metastatic) and 30 from healthy individuals with negative biopsy reports as the control group. Changes in the expression level of miR-21 and miR-214 in the urine were investigated by using qRT-PCR. Results: miR-21 showed a significant increase in expression (p = 0.003) and miR-214 showed a significant decrease in expression (p = 0.000) over the results of the control group. The specificity, sensitivity and AUC for combined panels of both microRNAs were 100%, 72.14% and 0.721 and for PSA were 63.33%, 61.43% and 0.620, respectively. Conclusions: The results show that miR-21 and miR-214 show significant changes in expression in patients with prostate cancer compared to the control group. A combined panel of miR-21 and miR-214 can be used as a non-invasive method for detecting prostate cancer with higher sensitivity and specificity than the PSA test.