This study explores the potentials of digital transformation for achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with emphasis on SDG 4 and SDG 9 in Nigeria. The study adopts a conceptual approach, reviewing existing literature to explore the topic from various views of authors on the issue. It focuses on the contextual factors such as stakeholder input to the process of the implementation of digitalisation and SDGs 4 and 9 which focuses on educational development at all levels, industrial collaborations and improvements, respectively. The results indicate that digital transformation potentially enhances the attainment of SDGs 4 and 9, but this is mediated by the level of stakeholder commitment and e-governance performance. Part of the recommendation is the adoption of a multi-disciplinary approach to development-oriented digital transformation interventions for SDGs 4 and 9 in Nigeria, through a process of effective stakeholder engagement and transparent institutional signalling. The study draws research attention to the use of digital transformation for social development, especially in a developing economy such as Nigeria, to enhance the compendium of knowledge in the implementation of digital approach to the attainment of SDGs 4 and 9. It is also suggested for the government institutions to take further responsibility to provide a fair platform for the implementation of digital transformation and the attainment of SDGs 4 and 9 in Nigeria.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the effect of foreign capital inflows on economic growth in 15 Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) countries over the period 2008–2018. Specifically, this paper investigates whether selected foreign capital inflows, namely, foreign debt, foreign aid and foreign direct investments substitute or complement government spending in ECOWAS.Design/methodology/approachThe study adopts the two-step system generalized method of moments (GMM) method of estimation to address the problem of dynamic endogeneity inherent in the relationship.FindingsThe result shows that foreign capital inflows into ECOWAS region have not transmitted into economic growth in the region. Further, the findings reveal that foreign capital inflows to ECOWAS have substituted for government spending. The results might be as a result of the high level of corruption in ECOWAS. The results also show that when institutional quality is interacted with foreign capital inflows, the result shows a negative and statistically significant effect on economic growth.Originality/valueUnlike previous studies which pooled both developed and developing economies together, the authors investigate this relationship in a regional study, using ECOWAS to create a roughly optimum size. In addition, the authors adopt the GMM-system method of estimation to address the problem of dynamic endogeneity inherent in the relationship, which has largely been ignored in extant studies.

This research investigates the consumer perceived risk and risk relievers in E-Shopping in Pakistan. Data were collected from 200 customers by using simple random technique and data is analyzed by using 7.0-Eviews statistical software. A structural questionnaire was developed for reliability an validity of Data. It was revealed that Internet shopper population and online consumer spending continues to increase, better understanding Pakistani online shoppers’ perceived risk and risk reduction strategies becomes particularly relevant. However, research in the Pakistani context is limited. The main aim of this paper to how consumer types are related to different perceived risk dimensions and risk reliever strategies on the Internet. It was further revealed that are consistent with previous studies, but it is interesting to note that certain findings are different. These differences might be explained by the specificity of the Pakistani Internet shopping environment and Pakistani culture

The current research examines the WTO and its impact on of trade agreements on cotton and clothing in Pakistan Data were collected from various secondary sources and analyzed by using SPSS-18. It was revealed that the World Trade Organization (WTO). ATC set out a transitional process for the ultimate removal of quotas and the full adoption of Cotton and clothing products into GATT rules. It was signed in the Uruguay Round of negotiations by this agreement, countries Canada, the EU, Norway, and the US committed to a progressive elimination of MFA restrictions within 10 years, and since January 2005 the WTO is fully implemented. It was revealed that WTO reforms has positive impact on the cotton and cotting exports on Pakistan’s economy. It was further revealed that these trade reforms also bootup the SAFTA trade.