In study of stock investment in the capital market by investors in Pandemic Covid-19, it is always carried out rationally. Decisions on stock investments are not always rational. main purpose of research is to analyze behavioral factors that affect preferences of individual’s investors and fund managers in emerging stock market, Pakistan Stock Exchange. The data of this research were “collected through semi-structured interviews with five fund managers and five individual investors” from Pakistan Stock Exchange. The researchers used thematic analysis for data interpretation. The major findings stress that retail investors are more effected by behavioral biases in comparison with fund managers. The results shows that there are some major biases which are affecting both type of investors like overconfidence-gambling, herding, market, prospect, errors and anchoring-ability bias. Data for this study was collected for one time only, for better understanding data may be collected for more than one time in future. Triangulation method may be directed in future for further clarification in existing study.

The purpose of this research is to investigate relationship between stress at work and amount of job satisfaction experienced by surgeons, while taking into consideration moderating effects of social support. First of two aspects of occupational stress that are investigated is the failure to maintain a healthy balance between one's personal and professional lives. Second is stress that is experienced while working. To collect primary data, questionnaire was sent to 500 medical professionals, the majority of whom were surgeons employed by private institutions. Results of this research demonstrated that a healthy work-life balance has a significant impact on the job satisfaction. Moreover, lower levels of job satisfaction have been connected to workplace stress. The unfavorable association between work-life balance and job satisfaction is minimized when surgeons have access to social services. Also, it reduces the detrimental impact of work-related stress on performance, that is significant advantage. Top-level managers have potential to boost surgeons’ satisfaction by implementing stress management practices in the workplace and offering social support.

A company's financing choice is the influenced by both internal and external factors, with empirical research typically focusing more upon internal factors and less upon macroeconomic variables, mainly in emerging countries. This study aims to examine the macroeconomic factors that affect capital structure decisions in manufacturing industry in Pakistan, using data from the past decade (2012-2022). Study uses many models, including POLS, fixed effect, random effect and Hausman test, to analyze impact of macroeconomic factors on capital structure choices of listed manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Results indicate that GDP growth rate, corporate tax, and interest rate have negative link with financial leverage, but exchange rates, stock market development and public debt have a positive association with financial leverage. Study acmes upright of macroeconomic variables in evolving manufacturing sector in Pakistan, about stock market development, corporate taxes, & exchange rates. This study be useful for shareholders in determining proper investment and financing sources, and for financial leaders in determining the optimal level of capital structure.

The judgment of parameters about the populace is significant for drawing a sample from the population under study in the survey method. Innumerable statisticians introduced numerous estimators to make predictions about the parameters in a population with the application of auxiliary information for sensitive variables. In the current investigation, the researchers tried to depict the general parameter estimate for sensitive variables using randomized response models. The survey was the method in this paper, and a simple random without replacement (SRSWOR) was utilized to gather the sample. Overall, it presented the general ratio and exponential ratio of estimations for the sensitive variable using non-sensitive AV founded on an RRT. The biasness and MSE expressions above second category calculations appeared as outcomes. Many empirical works are replicated to prove the performance of projected estimators for the sensitive variables for the population under study. This proven model will benefit other researchers and statisticians working in the statistics field or data collection, for instance, population census, to take forward it and develop more advanced statistical general parameters, and also for advanced investigations.