Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)

The feasibility of a staircase-output, diode clamping multilevel inverter based on multiwinding transformer is investigated through experimental results including: output voltage and current waveforms under resistive and inductive loads and the THD. The 2.5 kW, 7-level prototype of the constructed configuration proves the ability to act as an inverter under resistive and inductive loads and generates outputs with 2.1–11.5% of THD and 92.5% of peak efficiency. At last, a table of comparison with the closest topology is brought.

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) over Low-power Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is proposed by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) working group to accomplish the concept of IP-based Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). A new layer is incorporated between IPv6 network layer and 802.15.4 MAC layer, which is entitled adaptation layer. Header compression, packet fragmentation, and layer two forwarding are the main tasks of the adaptation layer. An IPv6 packet is too big regarding to the Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU) size of 802.15.4 standard thus it has to be fragmented. Breaking up a big packet to number of small fragments and attaching new headers to each fragment may affect the energy level. In this paper, we place an attention on the impact of the adaptation layer on the energy consumption of a 6LoWPAN sensor node. From our analysis, we found that the adaptation layer, in particular the fragmentation process may increase the energy consumption of a sensor node by 5 to 10 percent.

Underwater wireless sensor networks have attracted much attention in various applications such as natural disasters monitoring, defense, industries, etc. A new routing algorithm for underwater wireless sensor networks is developed and tested. The algorithm shows a better end-to-end delay yet less energy consumption. This was achieved by limiting the data transmission to a number of specific adjacent nodes to whom the transmitter is authorized to send the message. The algorithm performance was compared with other algorithms (depth based routing and cooperative depth based routing protocols) and the results show a better performance.