In 2000, the Gwinnett County Department of Public Utilities (DPU) completed a Watershed Protection Plan (WPP) in accordance with the Georgia Environmental Protection Division (EPD) permitting requirements for a new or expanded wastewater National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) discharge permit. The WPP recommended improving impacted areas and protecting streams by completing detailed Watershed Improvement Plans (WIPs).CH2M HILL completed a WIP for the Chattahoochee River tributaries in Gwinnett County. The Chattahoochee River Tributaries study area encompasses 106 square miles and approximately 614 stream miles. The overall goal of this project is to identify and implement actions that 1) enhance the aquatic integrity of impaired streams within each study area, 2) return these streams to their designated uses, and 3) remove them from EPD's 303(d) list.Within the framework of this goal, the objectives of this project are to: • • Evaluate existing stream conditions, determine causes of stream degradation, and identify opportunities for stream restoration. • • Identify riparian-floodplain areas and opportunities to expand these areas for habitat improvement, flood reduction, and sediment storage. • • Inventory existing storm water BMPs and identify retrofit or new BMP opportunities that would mitigate urbanization-caused changes in runoff volume and timing. • • Evaluate the benefits of watershed BMP and stream restoration projects.• • Estimate costs of each potential project.• • Prioritize projects using benefit/cost analysis, public input, and County resource availability. •• Assist with public education efforts.The first step toward justifying a dedicated funding source for storm water projects is to identify the scope and need for a comprehensive storm water program. The results of the WIP indicate the need for and expected costs of proposed projects essential to meeting multiple regulatory requirements. The total CIP costs for these study areas, combined with others in Gwinnett County, determine the range of expenditures needed to improve water quality and biotic integrity. 3026Because of the need to efficiently collect and manage large amounts of detailed information about conditions in the study areas, GIS and global positioning system (GPS) technologies were used. GIS tools combine database information with spatial information to help quickly visualize and quantify the location and extent of conditions in the study areas. Base data, such as watershed boundaries, infrastructure, political boundaries, and hydrology, were provided by the DPU and other County departments. These data were used to develop field plans and other new data needed for the fieldwork. These data were critical to the assessment and development of potential restoration and retrofit projects.Field teams were equipped with handheld GPS units to gather data at the specific location of each problem or condition identified during the stream walk or BMP inventory. The GPS unit was connected directly to a handheld computer, which r...

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Several tools have been designed to aid local municipalities in implementation of the watershed protection plans. This paper will highlight the following four technologies.

In developed urban and some rural areas, sediment in streams is a pervasive, ubiquitous pollutant that poses ecological problems, reducing habitat structure, limiting the potential biotic diversity of the area, and in some cases extirpating sensitive and protected species. One of the functions of a stable stream system is to transport sediment from the watershed in a manner that does not aggrade nor degrade the stream channel. While some rivers have always carried significant loads of sediment (e.g., moraine systems), others are expanding this functional role in response to a variety of human activities in the watershed.Complex watershed models, such as HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program -FORTRAN) and SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tool) estimate sediment loads from wash-off processes that are simulated from various land use practices within the watershed. However, few models are currently available to provide an estimate of sediment that is generated from the stream banks of the river channels. This paper presents and discusses a simple linked model that can be used to estimate both stream bank and watershed sediment loading.

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