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Background: Aim of the research was to study the knowledge and perception of postmenopausal women towards menopause.Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was carried at outpatient department of psychiatry, Government medical college, Srinagar over a period of 3 months. Participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the study were evaluated on a semi-structured proforma for demographic variables, knowledge and attitude towards menopause.Results: A total of 120 postmenopausal women were included in our study. Mean age of study population was s 54.5±8.6 years. Majority of women belonged to rural background (80.0%) in the age group of 51-60 years (58.3%), married (78.3%), having 1-3 issues (53.3%) and had received no formal education (67.5%). Menopause was natural in (80.8%) of women and (19.2%) had surgical menopause. 85% of study population had heard about menopause at the time their periods stopped mostly from family elders and friends. 45% had knowledge about the age of the menopause, while as only (20.8%) were aware about the symptoms of menopause. 56.6% of study population were having positive perception about the menopause.Conclusions: Majority of our women were unaware of menopausal symptoms. Most of them considered it as a natural process of aging and thus were having a positive perception about the menopause.

Background: To study the menstrual abnormalities among adolescent females attending a gynaecolocial outpatient department (OPD) in a tertiary care hospital. Material Methods: It was a cross sectional study which was carried at outpatient department (OPD) of obstetrics and gynaecology, Government medical college Srinagar over a period of 6 months. A total of 90 adolescent females in the age group 10-19 years were included in the study. Along with the demographic profile, menstrual abnormalities were evaluated with the help of self-structured questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the study population was 15.6 ± 2.8 years. Majority of the adolescent females were in the age group of 16-19 years (44.4%), literate with formal education above 10th class (37.8%) and from rural background (56.7%).Dysmenorrhea was the most common menstrual morbidity in 64.4% of adolescent females followed by menorrhagia (26.7%). Pain abdomen was the most common premenstrual symptom encountered by 62.2% of females. Conclusion: Menstrual abnormalities are common in the adolescent females with dysmenorrhea being the commonest.

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Increasing rate of caesarean section is matter of concern to obstetrician and society as a whole. The WHO published guidelines regarding caesarean rates in 1985 which was revised in 1994. The guideline states that the proportion of caesarean births should range between 5%-15%. This study was conducted to find out the increasing rate and indication for caesarean section and measures to decrease this rising trend. This study showed fetal distress (29.84%) as the leading cause of increasing rate of caesarean section and rising trend in caesarean section and falling trend in vaginal section.