Objectives: To investigate the differences in negative coping styles used by individuals with cannabis use disorder and non-users. Methods: The quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted from November, 2016 to August 2017 at Foundation University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, and comprised individuals aged 15-34 years. Data was collected from drug rehabilitation and university students of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. The sample was divided into groups of cannabis users and non-users. Data was collected using the brief version of the Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced inventory and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: Of the 204 participants, 104(51%) were users with a mean age of 27±5.37 years and 100(49%) were non-users with a mean age of 25±5.65 years. The users scored higher at active avoidance coping compared to the non-users (p<0.05). The differences were non-significant in case of denial and religious coping (p>0.05). Active avoidance coping differed across individuals with mild, moderate and severe cannabis use disorder (p<0.05), while religious and denial coping did not (p>0.05). Conclusion: Active avoidance coping was found to be an important characteristic in relation Continuous...

The detrimental influence of mother's parenting stress was investigated as a risk factor for a range of child behavior issues including emotional and behavioral problems. A sample of 200 Pakistani mothers with at least one child between the ages of 6-12 years participated in the study. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, where mothers self-reported on both their parenting stress and their children's internalizing and externalizing problems. Parenting stress was assessed using Urdu version of the Parenting Stress Scale (Khalid & Fatima, 2010) and the Child Problem Checklist (Tariq & Hanif, 2007) was used to assess children's internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems. Results showed that maternal parenting stress significantly predicted both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in children. Mothers' reported level of parental stress, as reflected in lower satisfaction with their role, was positively associated with both internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in their children. Additionally, it has been found that the type of school attendance (public or private) played a significant role in explaining parenting stress and its relation to behavior problems. Taken together, these findings highlight the importance of considering mothers' experiences in their parenting role when addressing child behavior problems.

Purpose This study aimed to identify which positive psychological factors are associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. Positive psychology is an emerging discipline of psychology. The study and identification of such factors could lead to increased mental health and lower stress levels of individuals (Ho et al., 2014; Abbas et al., 2019). Design/methodology/approach The authors searched the following electronic databases: Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus. Thematic synthesis was used for analysis. Database search resulted in the recruitment of 948 articles; after the screening process, only 7 articles were left for further analysis. Findings Thematic synthesis of resulting articles from systematic literature review revealed that “staying active after retirement, participation in social activities, volunteering, and presence of loved ones” are positive psychological factors that are positively associated with the mental health of older adult retirees. A few positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees have been examined. Other positive psychological factors and their association with the mental health of older adult retirees are yet to be investigated in future research. Research limitations/implications First, many studies have investigated meaning and purpose in life, relationships or having intimacy, well-being, transcendence, flow or engagement, spirituality and flourishing (pleasant life, engaged life and meaningful life, relationship and achievement) (LeBon, 2014). However, many other positive psychological constructs need to be studied yet in this age group examples include wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Second, there is need of theory in the field of successful aging with respect to the positive psychology. Third, which factors negatively contributed toward the mental health of older adult could be another area of future systematic literature review. Finally, role of culture needs to be examined with reference to which positive psychological factor could be important in a specific given cultural context. Practical implications The findings of the current research will be useful for clinical psychologist, counselors and gerontologists to understand which factors positively contributed toward the mental health of older adult retirees, which in turn will help to improve mental health of older adult retirees. Findings of the present study set grounds for future research in the field of gerontology in specific cultural context. The findings of this study have added to scientific body of existing literature. Better understanding of retirement can lead to increase in use of positive intervention-based programs for retirees that can facilitate them with life after retirement. Social implications Policymaker working on the well-being of older adult retirees can take help from this study’s evidence-based findings for developing any policy. Originality/value Systematic literature review consolidated the existing literature review on the present topic of research. This systematic literature review highlighted factors that are associated with the enhanced mental health of older adults’ retirees. Furthermore, findings revealed the important gap in literature that is many positive psychological constructs are need to be studied yet in this age group examples includes wisdom, courage, mindfulness, forgiveness, resilience, emotional intelligence, hope and humor. Hence, this study has implications for future research.