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This study aimed to determine the prevalence of undernutrition, diet quality and its associated factors among children aged two to six years at Tuba Island. A total of 67 children paired with their mother or caregiver were participated in this study. A questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements and two days of 24-hours dietary recall was administered. The Malaysian Healthy Eating Index (HEI) was used to assess the children's diet quality. The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were 22.4%, 20.8% and 17.9%, respectively. Mean total HEI score was 37.1±6.3, which indicate poor diet. The children had low mean scores for vegetables, fruits, milk and dairy products as well as legumes. For socio-demographic factors, number of children per household was associated with diet quality. This study points out that overall low dietary score among these children and their diet quality had no association with their growth status. The low diet quality was prevalent; thus it did not contribute to differences in growth status among these children. Therefore, it is suggested further intervention should be taken to improve the nutrition quality of these children.

Endurance sport have risen and expanded over the year and nutrient particularly carbohydrate are believed to be the key factor to achieve the optimum performance. Limited information are available in Malaysia regarding the nutrition status of this particular athletes especially those among the students. The aim of this study is to determine the dietary intake and carbohydrate preferences of the athletes and to compare with the establish sport nutrition guideline. A total of 40 endurance athletes from Universiti Teknologi MARA Selangor were recruited in this study. Dietary intake of the athletes were assessed using Food Frequency Questionnaire and 3 -days diet record. Overall, carbohydrate intake per day was 464.79 ± 155.39 g and 386.31 ± 93.12 g for male and female athletes, respectively. Report on carbohydrate intake as per sport nutrition guidelines showed that male and female athlete have a mean carbohydrate intake of 6.06 ± 2.07 g/kg body weight and 5.73 ± 1.99 g/kg body weight, respectively, which were in the minimum range of recommendation. The main source of carbohydrate of the athletes derive from white rice. Meanwhile, the intake of protein and fat for male were 1.77 ± 0.94 g/kg body weight and 61.78 ± 32.64 g, respectively. Meanwhile, the protein and fat intake in female athlete were 1.94 ± 0.82 g/kg body weight and 74.51 ± 36.92 g, respectively. Remarkably, the intake of fat and fluid were recorded lower than recommendation. It is proven that the nutrient intake of the athletes does not meet the optimum sport nutrition recommendation

Introduction: Failure to return to pre-pregnancy weight after pregnancy may be one of the contributing factors to obesity that might impact women’s health in the long term. The main objective of this study was to observe and compare postpartum body weight and BMI changes between exclusive breastfeeding and non-exclusive breastfeeding mothers of 6-months postpartum. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted online via Google form related to breastfeeding practises of mothers in Malaysia that were recruited via simple random sampling. Invitation to fill in the form was distributed via identified breastfeeding support group on the social media platform . The participants’ pre-pregnancy and 6-months postpartum weight were self-reported, meanwhile the participants’ 1-month postpartum weight were recorded based on antenatal book record. All variables were described using Descriptive analyses. Independent T-test was used to assess the difference in weight and BMI changes between exclusively and non-exclusively breastfed mothers. Result: A total of 116 mothers were included based on the selection criteria using simple random sampling across Malaysia. 70% of the participants in this study practised exclusive breastfeeding (n = 81). Exclusively breastfeeding mothers showed decreasing postpartum weight (-1.04 ± 4.66 kg) changes whilst non-exclusively breastfeeding mothers of 6-months postpartum showed an increasing pattern (0.32 ± 4.25 kg). However, there was no significant difference in postpartum weight and BMI changes between these two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The study found no significant difference in postpartum body weight and BMI changes in exclusively breastfed and non-exclusively breastfeed mothers at 6-months postpartum.