Probiotics play a pivotal role in health maintenance and prevention of many disorders. They are microbial feed supplements that confer the health effect on the host. Probiotics protects the body itself from infection, especially gastrointestinal tract. Acidophilus is a probiotic microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on the host. Lactobacilli acidophilus are "friendly" bacteria that normally live in our digestive, urinary and genital systems without causing disease. The therapeutic benefits have been investigated in women having vaginal and urinary tract infections. In this review, we studied about previous 15 years articles in which the isolation of Lactobacilli bacteria from different sources was mentioned. It has been found that they may be isolated from fruits and vegetables, human stool culture, natural antimicrobial agent, cheese, kefir grains, dairy and non-dairy products, fermented and raw milk, feces of breast fed infants, lactating milk, sheep, buffalo and cow milk, yogurt, beverages, poultry sources, animal rumen contents, pengging duck's caecum, chicken intestine and fecal samples, chicken feed, enzymes, fermented rice, curd, meat and yeast extracts, glucose and sucrose, human gut, human colonial epithelial cells, human and animal vagina and mouth extraction, diapers of human babies, pineapples wastes, industrial sausages, ice-cream, small intestines of piglets, corn slurry, crop and intestinal ducks. Hence the paper reviews the current scenario of isolation of Lactobacilli from different sources, their proposed mechanisms and health benefits for human beings along with their future perspectives.

Authors' Contribution MAA conducted research. MT helped in conduct of research. KJ supervised the research. A.W. analyzed the data. AF wrote the paper. EE reviewed the article.

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent disorder in which blood markers of cardiac disorders have been frequently established. However, the impact of obesity on PCOS is still to be discovered. This study was designed to determine if cardiac disorder in PCOS women may explain by altered BMI and biochemical parameters.Methods: A prospective study was carried out by having 100 samples of obese (50) and non-obese (50) PCOS patients. Blood samples (<5ml) were collected, statistical analysis and correlation of BMI were done with hormonal and lipid profile.Results: On Pearson correlation analysis of BMI with lipid and hormonal profile, cholesterol showed a positive correlation in obese PCOS. Spearman correlation analysis of BMI showed positive significant correlation with testosterone in non-obese PCOS. Obese and non-obese groups were further subdivided into married (obese, non-obese), unmarried (obese and non-obese) groups. Negative correlation with LH in married obese, while none of the significant results had been found in married non-obese. In the case of unmarried obese, testosterone showed negative and estradiol showed a positive correlation in unmarried non-obese.Conclusions: The data from this study concluded that young PCOS women have evidence for altered endocrine functions along with elevated BMI. Furthermore correlation of BMI and testosterone might be one of the major factors of developing adiposity and infertility that further causes cardiac diseases. Lifestyle modifications are also beneficial for lessen the ovarian cysts and promote fertility in pubertal females. However, the evidence is limited and more investigations are still needed.

Background: Serum electrolytes, Creatinine, and thyroid profile play an important role in 131I treated patients of thyroid disorders. Objectives: To determine the effect of radioactive iodine (131I) on renal parameters, serum electrolytes and the correlation among TFT’S, creatinine, and chloride levels before and after I131 treatment in thyroid disorders. Methods: The study was performed on 55 patients of thyrotoxicosis with age ranging from 16-65 years (mean age= 41±14years and BMI=24.8±4.46). The significance of the differences between the results of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd-time serum analysis was assessed by paired Student's t-test. Association between parameters was assessed by Spearman correlation analysis. Results: 40 patients were taking Carbimazole, and 15 were directly recommended for I131 therapy. Strongly significant variations were observed for TFT’S (T3=0.012, T4 =0.017, and TSH=0. 001) during the follow-up treatment. Before taking I131 (Serum analyzed at 1st time), there observed negative correlation of T3(r=-.46, p=0. 002) and TSH (r=-0.31, p=0.02) with creatinine, and positive correlation of TSH(r=0.29,p=0.02) with chloride. BMI was negatively correlated with potassium(r=-0.30, p=0.02). At the 2nd time (after stopping the Carbimazole), no correlation results were observed. Two months after oral administration of 131I, creatinine, and chloride level was significantly increased (p=0.000), (P=0. 03) respectively, but had no correlation with TFT’S. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that patients with goiter (diffused or toxic) have association of TFT’S and BMI with serum electrolytes and creatinine, 131I therapy is also associated with the increase in creatinine and chloride levels of patients leading to kidney problems.