Background: In the present research, we investigated the effects of the ultra-high dilutions (UHDs) on Oryza sativa L. (rice), physiological and biochemical variations. Methods: In order to study the effect of UHDs (Calendula officinalis in the dilution of 3×103X and Arnica montana in the dilution of 2 ×104 X), 28 experiments were designed and statistically analyzed via the Design Expert 7.0.1 software over the general factorial design methodology. Three qualitative factors were studied including the UHDs/placebo usage (A), sterile/non-sterile experimental condition (B) and the type and timing of the UHDs usage (C). The validated analysis was subjected into more studies on the variations in physiological growth, carbohydrate, protein content, pigment production, and amino acid patterns. Results: To evaluate the effects of UHDs on rice, we formed a desirable response percentage from a number of healthy seedling production, and studied the height percentage of the aerial parts and main roots. The statistical analysis resulted in the prediction model which was more than 97% correlates with experimental results. The results showed that the UHDs increased the pH variations, carbohydrate, protein and pigment levels by ~2.5, ~1.5, ~1.4, and ~1.4 fold, respectively. Also compared to placebo, the amount and proportion of amino acids has significantly varied. . Conclusion: Compared to placebo, the UHDs have statistically validated affected the rice germination and seedling growth. Also, they can affect the stress conditions caused by the sterilization process, seedlings entrance into the light and their transition into hydroponic culture medium. The use of UHDs leads to an increase in the production of chlorophyll, as well as carbohydrate and protein content. Moreover, they cause significant variations in the amino acid profile and the production of amino acids along with the photosynthesis, germination, and metabolism processes.

Background In recent centuries, ultra-high diluted compounds have shown some effect, which has always been doubted and disbelieved due to the high dilution. Articles on UHD have published various effects of these substances on living organisms (humans, plants, animals and bacteria). But so far nothing has been found visible to differentiate the structure of these substances themselves from placebo. This research, unlike other published articles, is about the nature and structure of UHDs themselves and has been able to investigate and reveal structural differences between UHDs and of course placebo and presented different, new, and perplexing chemical results on the structure of UHDs. Methods To prepare eleven selected samples, commercial UHDs from various plant, animal, mineral, chemical and nosode resources were used in a dilution of ´10-6. The experiments (90) were designed using the Design Expert 7.0.0 based on the Central Composite Design (CCD) statistical algorithm related to four quantitative factors of time, dilution, light intensity and temperature and a qualitative factor of UHD type. The formed things were selected and were imagined using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Results The formation of substances which gradually start taking shapes appears in the solutions. EOMs formed some things in different size, shapes, and suspended in water are observable by naked eyes. They are in tubular and layered forms which are solidified and strong with some curvatures and bending. We’ve called these substances Essential Original Matter (EOM). These EOMs are unique, distinct and repeatable and they have special structural feature that is created in every individual type of UHDs. Conclusion The production of somethings in UHD’s solution (we called in EOMs) is reported for the first time. Results prove that UHDs are distinct from placebo in addition to the effects shown in the past and in other articles. These materials have different and unique structure. According to the current laws of chemistry, no traces of above materials are expected to be seen in these types of solutions.  Based on these results, it can be suggested that the Avogadro hypothesis needs to be re-examined and revised.