Objectives: To find out prevalence of bullying, its associated factors and extent of awareness against bullying among th students of public/private schools of Lahore and to compare them. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was carried out in different schools of Lahore, Pakistan, from May to Nov 2019. Methodology: A total of 294 students of public/private schools (8-10th grade students) of Lahore were recruited in study by purposive sampling. The students filled a pretested and pre-structured questionnaire consisting of questions about bullying, number of bullies, forms of bullying, its causes and consequences, reaction of students towards bullying and if anybody was informed about it. Results: A higher frequency of bullying was reported in public schools (54%) than in private (46%). Students mostly suffered bullying in the form of humiliating remarks (56.3%) and verbal abuse (25.3%). Causes of bullying in public schools were physical appearance (48.9%), illness (19.1%) and imbalance of power (19.1%) whereas in private schools, physical status (45.0%), imbalance of power (25.0%) and low socioeconomic status (22.5%) were common. Bullying was associated with loss of concentration on studies (19.5%) and behavioral changes (18.4%). The students usually reported bullying incidents to teachers (36.8%) and parents (28.7%). A majority of students walked away from the bully (45.4%). Conclusion: Bullying is relatively more prevalent in public schools and predominantly manifested in the form of humiliating remarks & verbal abuse. Majority of students show no appropriate resistance towards the bully while bullying causes a critical psychological distress inthem.

Recurrent hyperthyroidism in GD is uncommon after development of post-ablative hypothyroidism. Our case illustrates the need for continued surveillance.

Background: Safety of front-line health care workers dealing with critically ill patients is of prime importance during COVID-19 pandemic. We have limited skilled workforce and intensive care units (ICU). Aim: To determine the frequency of COVID 19 among ICU staff and find association with contact time and procedure performed. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 95 subjects working in ICU settings of tertiary care hospitals of Lahore. Data was collected about COVID-19 infection, prevention practices, contact time & procedures performed through google forms. Data was entered & analyzed by SPSS v23 while performing descriptive statistics, T Test, Chi square test & binary logistic regression. Results: Among 95(100%) subjects 25(26.31%) had covid-19 infection whereas 70(73.68%) did not had infection. Age> 30(p=.041), female gender (p=.022), use of re-useable personal protective equipment PPE(p=.009), contact time (p=.020), performing procedures: Nebulization(p=.023) & non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (p=.011) were significantly associated with COVID-19 infection among ICU staff. Conclusion: There was high frequency of COVID-19 infection among ICU staff. Age> 30, female gender, re-useable PPE, contact time, performing procedures: Nebulization & non-invasive positive pressure ventilation were significantly associated with COVID-19 infection among ICU staff. Keywords: COVID-19, Contact time, Intensive care unit, Infection, Procedures

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