Background: People Living with HIV (PLHIV) are highly stigmatized and consequently hard-to-access by researchers and importantly, public health outreach in Iran, possibly due to the existing socio-cultural situation in this country. The present study aimed to evaluate the sexual and reproductive health needs of PLHIV in Tehran, the capital of Iran. Methods: As a mixed-method descriptive study, this project was conducted in 2012 in Tehran, Iran. In this study, we evaluated and discussed socio-demographic characteristics, family and social support, sexual behaviors, fertility desires and needs, PMTCT services, contraceptive methods, unintended pregnancy and safe abortion, and Pap smear tests among 400 participants referring to the behavioral disorders consulting centers. Results: Of the sample 240 (60%) were male and 160 (40%) were female. About 50% of women and 40% of men were 25-34 years old. More than 60% of men and 96% of women were married, while more than 50% of the participants had HIV-positive spouses at the time of study. According to the results, fertility desire was observed among more than 30% of female and 40% of male participants. Results of the in-depth interviews indicate that the participants are not satisfied with most of the existing services offered to address their sexual and reproductive health needs.

The present results support the method of single layer suturing of the uterus and leaving the peritoneum intact in CS.

No abstract

Close cooperation between researchers and policy-makers to find the specific health needs of communities, would lead to taking evidence-based decisions in addressing communities' health problems. Publication errors, like reporting outdated statistics are among the key factors that influence effectiveness of such decisions. During the data collection process for a global systematic review on HIV/AIDS in prisons, we came across a paper entitled "Implementing Methadone Maintenance Treatment in Prisons in Malaysia" (1) written by Wickersham et al. as a lesson from the field which had been published in the Bulletin of the World Health Organization in 2013. This paper is written in a perfect scientific style, and discusses an interesting lessresearched area: substance use in prison. However, in this paper the authors have used outdated statistics and attributed these data to the today's Malaysia. Here, we comment on the debating statistics report in the setting and approach section of the above-mentioned manuscript. First, number of the prisoners and the rate of incarceration per 100,000 were reported as 43,000 and 174, respectively. Although the authors have cited no reference for their report, it seems that these numbers are derived from the World Prison Population list of the International Center for Prison Studies (ICPS), published in 2005 (2). It should be noted that ICPS has updated the list of worldwide prison population four times in 2007 (3), 2009 (4), 2011 (5), and 2013 (6). Based on the ICPS reports, at the time of the publication of Wickersham's paper, there were 39,144 prisoners in Malaysia and the imprisonment rate was estimated to be 132 per 100,000 in this country. However, even if we suppose that the Wickersham's manuscript is written in 2012, the authors could use the ninth edition report published in 2011 and mention 38,387 prisoners and an imprisonment rate of 138 per 100,000 as the most updated statistics. Second, the prevalence of HIV among Malaysian prisoners was reported as 6% in this paper. Wickersham et al. has obtained this prevalence from a study, which has got it from a systematic review (7). It seems that this rate has originally been calculated by Ng et al.