The Indian government has on several occasions advocated the idea that a common currency area be formed in the SAARC region. The response from other member countries has been somewhat lukewarm. They are unconvinced that the benefit of currency union establishment will outweigh the cost emanating from the abandonment of national monetary sovereignty. This paper seeks to empirically investigate the feasibility of a common currency area for Pakistan with each one of the following countries; India, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia and Sri Lanka. This empirical investigation involves estimation of the co-variation of the bilateral real exchange rates using the Japanese Yen and the US dollar as base currencies. Section 2 begins with an eclectic overview of the Optimum Currency Area (OCA) literature. Section 3 presents the estimation methodology, Section 4 discusses the findings and Section 5 concludes the analysis.

The use of social and economic indicators to evaluate and rank governments’ performance is often found in literature. The Anglo-Commonwealth and Scandinavian countries rest on the surveillance of work in the various ministries. This performance accounting approach thus becomes crucial for any regime to perform superlatively to their predecessors and thus it provides the basis to suggest why it is important to inspect governance of a government. Government’s efficacy also depends on the magnitude of the welfare that it is able to achieve. Debate on welfare is dated back to Adam Smith at-least. Now the question is what should be the welfare gauging indicators. We understand that, issues related to poverty, land utilisation, agriculture and industrial sectors, health services, education, growth rate of national income, per capita income, employment, etc. are important factors that can explain welfare status of a nation. Thus by developing an index based on performance in these areas, various political regimes can be evaluated and ranked. These evaluations and rankings set standards for future governments to improve. Thus these studies can be useful for developing and improving social welfare standards.

The continued development to best fit the model in prediction of bankruptcy has been of substantial interest over the decades. In accounting models of bankruptcy predictions usually single model appears to be a generalized one for each industry, even when industries are structurally different in terms of their financial, operational, and investing needs. This study investigates the causes of financial failure of textile companies (Around 100 companies) delisted from PSX during 2002-2017. A firm is financially distressed due to improper working capital management which led the firm to go bankrupt in the long run. We used 2 sets of data; estimation sample 2002-2012 & cross validation sample 2014-2017 and examined 20 ratios from Liquidity, profitability, Leverage and efficiency, for a five-year period preceding liquidation .Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) approach followed by Logit regression were used. Four ratios; working capital to total assets,  acid test, sales to total assets, and sales growth as proxy of working capital, were identified as significant predictors. The resultant model has early forewarning signals for potential bankruptcy that can occur which could not be generalized one for each industry.