See Karakaya and Wirth (doi:10.1093/brain/awz273) for a scientific commentary on this article. Neurofascin (NFASC) isoforms are immunoglobulin cell adhesion molecules involved in node of Ranvier assembly. Efthymiou et al. identify biallelic NFASC variants in ten unrelated patients with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by variable degrees of central and peripheral involvement. Abnormal expression of Nfasc155 is accompanied by severe loss of myelinated fibres.

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SYN flood attacks (half-open attacks) have been proven a serious threat to softwaredefined networking (SDN)-enabled infrastructures. A variety of intrusion detection and prevention systems (IDPS) have been introduced for identifying and preventing such security threats, but they often result in significant performance overhead and response time. Therefore, those existing approaches are inflexible for large-scale networks and realtime applications. For this reason, a novel and adaptive threshold-based kernel-level intrusion detection and prevention system by leveraging SDN capabilities are proposed. The proposed systems to detect and mitigate the aforementioned threats within an SDN over widely used traditional IDPS technologies, Snort and Zeek, are comparatively examined. The approach is evaluated using a mixture of fundamental adverse attacks and SDN-specific threats on a real-world testbed. The experimental results demonstrate the efficacy of the mechanism to detect and mitigate SYN flood attacks within an SDN environment. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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