Objective: To compare the therapeutic efficacy of topical Olopatadine 0.1% versus Ketotifen Fumarate among the patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis at Armed forces institute of ophthalmology. Study Design: Prospective comparative study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021. Methodology: Patients diagnosed with allergic conjunctivitis by consultant ophthalmologist fulfilling the exclusion/inclusion criteria were included in the study. They were divided into two groups by block randomization with group A receiving Olopatadine 0.1%, while group B just received the Ketotifen Fumarate. Symptoms were assessed on a symptom severity score upon diagnosis before the start of medication and then after 72 hours of treatment by a different consultant ophthalmologist who was unaware of the group of patients. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in each group. The mean age of the study participants was 30.944 ± 3.349 years. 148 (74%) patients were males while 52 (26%) were females. The difference in mean score of symptoms in group A was 5.76 ± 1.39 while in group B was 3.33 ± 2.51. Application of t-test revealed that topical Olopatadine 0.1% was superior to Ketotifen Fumarate in reducing the symptoms of acute allergic conjunctivitis on the third day of treatment (p-value<0.001). Conclusion: Seasonal allergic conjunctivitis was the commonest type of allergic conjunctivitis seen in our study participants. Topical Olopatadine 0.1% emerged as a better treatment option when compared to Ketotifen Fumarate for immediate management of acute allergic conjunctivitis among patients managed at a tertiary...................

Ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) is a term that describes the spectrum of abnormal growth of atypical squamous epithelial cells of the conjunctiva, cornea, and sclera. It is more common in people working for long in sun-exposed areas. It resembles other common ocular surface conditions such as pterygium, pinguecula, atopic conjunctivitis, diffuse episcleritis, chronic blepharoconjunctivitis which may result in the wrong diagnosis of the entity. Here we report a case of OSSN in a 25 years old man which was referred to us as a case of pterygium. An excisional biopsy revealed clusters of dysplastic squamous epithelial cells.

Objective: To determine the efficacy of 0.5% Timolol eye drops in preventing rise of intraocular pressure following Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Outpatient Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital Multan Pakistan, from May to Nov 2019. Methodology: Patients presenting with posterior capsule opacification, undergoing elective Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd: Yag) Capsulotomy were enrolled in the study. Patients were alternatively assigned to two groups; group-1 was administered 0.5% Timolol Maleate eye drops, while group-2 was administered placebo natural team eye drops. Intraocular pressure for all the patients was measured at three-time points a). First measurement was baseline intraocular pressure at presentation/before the treatment. Second measurement was 1-hour post laser capsulotomy and third measurement was 3 hours post laser capsulotomy. Results: At 1-hour follow up, the mean intraocular pressure was significantly raised in the patients belonging to control group as compared to treatment group (21.45 ± 8.33 mm Hg vs 15.33 ± 3.37 mm Hg, p<0.001). At 3-hours follow-up the mean intraocular pressure decreased a bit for control group but still was significantly higher than the treatment group (17.40 ± 3.00 mm Hg vs 15.60 ± 2.30 mm Hg, p<0.001). Conclusion: Prophylactic use of Timolol successfully reduces the post-procedural acute rise in intraocular pressure due to Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet laser posterior capsulotomy.

Foster Kennedy syndrome is a rare neurological entity that includes ipsilateral optic atrophy, contralateral papilledema, and sometimes anosmia. The syndrome has been described in association with a variety of intracranial pathologies such as a large frontal lobe tumor, olfactory groove meningioma, or medial third sphenoidal wing meningioma. In this report, we present a case of sphenoidal wing meningioma with Foster Kennedy syndrome in a 25-year-old pregnant female.

Objective: To establish the association of lattice degeneration in patients with chronic serous chorio-retinopathy at tertiary care ophthalmology hospital. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces Institute of Ophthalmology, Rawalpindi, from Sep 2019 to Dec 2020. Methodology: The sample population comprised of 80 subjects which included 40 cases of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and 40 controls. Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy was diagnosed by consultant ophthalmologist on basis of fluorescein angiography and spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Peripheral retinal examination was done among all the study participants to look for lattice degeneration. Pearson chi-square test was applied to look for the relationship of various factors with lattice degeneration including the presence of chronic serous chorio-retinopathy. Results: Two groups with equal number of subjects were included in the study. Mean age of the study participants was 49.14 ± 2.93 years. 60 (75.0%) participants were male while 20 (25%) were female. Fifty four (67.5%) had no lattice degeneration while 26 (32.5%) showed the presence of lattice degeneration on detailed ophthalmic examination. Chi-square test showed that having chronic serous chorio-retinopathy and use of steroids were statistically significantly associated with presence of lattice degeneration among the study participants. Conclusion: Chronic serous chorio-retinopathy emerged as a condition strongly associated with lattice degeneration of peripheral retina. Use of topical or systemic steroids also increased the chances of developing lattice degeneration in our study population.