One of essential requirements for banks and financial institutions is adequate and sufficient capital and every banks and financial organizations must keep balance between capital and available risk in its assets in order to guarantee its stability. Thus it has become one of the most important criteria for depository institutions. This study focuses on influential factors (precisely seven financial factors) over capital adequacy in Iranian private banks for the period 2006-2012. The results obtained indicate negative relationship between bank size and capital adequacy ratio of banks and positive relationship between Loan Asset Ratio (LAR), Return on Equity (ROE), and Return on Asset (ROA), Equity Ratio (EQR), and capital adequacy ratio. RAR and DAR do not have any impact on capital adequacy ratio.

One of important subjects for business and financial institutions in recent decades is bankruptcy prediction. In this study, we predict bankruptcy using both logit and genetic algorithm (GA) prediction techniques under sanctions circumstances. This study also compares the performance of bankruptcy prediction models by identifying conditions under which a model performs better to examine the relative performance of models, GA was used to classify 174 bankrupt and non-bankrupt Iranian firms listed in Tehran stock exchange for the period 2006-2014. Genetic model achieved 95 and 93.5 % accuracy rates in training and test samples, respectively; while logit model achieved only 77 and 75 % accuracy rates in training and test samples, respectively. The results suggest that two models have the capability of predicting bankruptcy and GA model is more accurate than the logit model in this regard.

The underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs) is generally explained with asymmetric information and risk. We complement these traditional explanations with a new theory where investors worry also about the after-market illiquidity that may result from asymmetric information after the IPO. The less liquid the aftermarket is expected to be, and the less predictable its liquidity, the larger will be the IPO underpricing. Our model blends such liquidity concerns with signaling theory. The model's predictions are supported by evidence for 36 IPOs from Tehran Stock Exchange between 2006 and 2012. Using Hui & Heubel ratio of liquidity, we find that after-market liquidity is an important determinant of IPO pricing. Practical implementation-the finding of the study could be helpful for university students and users of financial information and other financial analysts in capital market.

Price determined for a company's shares is true value of its property and opportunity for future development and growth. Nowadays Hundreds of companies enter stock exchange for the first time. Main question of this research is whether pricing the initial offering exchange on Tehran stock exchange is less than actual and what factors affect pricing of initial shares on stock exchange. For this purpose, 115 stock exchange companies from 2006 to 2012 were studied. Data gathered from these companies were analyzed with SPSS. Results indicated that only P/E variable has a significant relation with price changes on initial offerings and had highest impact on price of initial offerings.

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