Background: In India, about 60% of donation is through voluntary blood donors. However, about one third already motivated blood donors are deferred due to stringent screening criteria, either temporarily or permanently. The temporarily deferred donors could be a good source of blood donation after deferral period. The objective of this study was to know the main causes of pre-donation deferral in potentially healthy prospective blood donors, to investigate impact of deferral on donation pattern and to evaluate impact of post deferral counseling on donation pattern.Methods: The present study is carried out in A. D. Gorwala blood bank in Anand, Gujarat from April 2014 to September 2015. All donors screened as per the guideline and deferred donors are categorized as temporary and permanently deferred donors. A Comparison group of healthy eligible donors who donate blood at ADGBB is also studied to determine impact of deferral on donation pattern. From temporarily deferred donors, reason for deferral is considered. At the time of deferral, donors properly counseled, clearly informed about the reason of deferral and corrective actions are taken. As per reason of deferral, time duration for recalling the donor is defined. Based on this, donor is called back to donate again for up to six month’s period after expiration of deferral period.Results: Total 12.57% donors were deferred temporarily. Significant female preponderance was observed (58.7% vs 8.90%). Low hemoglobin (60.9%) was the most common reason of temporary deferral followed by abnormal BP and medicine ingestion. Total 378 donors were responded back out of 953 of deferred donors compare to 645 in non-deferred group. Middle age, male, repeat donors, in-house donors, high education, high socio-economic status, shorter duration of deferral appears to significantly predict donor return. In the evaluation of reasons of the re-deferral, Low hemoglobin was the prime reason. Unfavourable location, lack of time and change in job/college are major barrier to donor return. Total 39.60% response observed after post deferral counseling in present study compared to 11.20% in year 2013-2014.Conclusions: Efforts to increase the hemoglobin will improve the donor retention and overall blood safety can be increased. Temporary deferral has negative impact on donor return and duration of response after expiration of deferral, both in first time and repeat donors. Interventions to increase return behavior need to be better targeted at specific donor groups and it should be developed according to major barriers to donor return prevalent in particular region mainly through more effective communication with donors. Education, motivation, post deferral counseling.

Background: β-hCG is a marker useful in diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), ectopic gestation (EG), spontaneous abortion (SA) and malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) and it is helpful to clinician as an excellent tumor marker. It is useful to monitor treatment whether tumor is responding to treatment or the disease is progressing.Methods: β-hCG is a marker useful in diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD), ectopic gestation (EG), spontaneous abortion (SA) and malignant germ cell tumors (MGCT) and it is helpful to clinician as an excellent tumor marker. It is useful to monitor treatment whether tumor is responding to treatment or the disease is progressing.Results: p value is highly significant in Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases, EG and SA, as p value is < 0.005 in all these three categories. But in case of MGCT it is 0.452 which is not significant because study group was very small and one case who developed recurrence affected the value significantly. These findings suggest that β-hCG has definitive prognostic role (p value<0.005) in GTD, EG and SA.Conclusions: ELISA is rapid, sensitive, reliable and cost effective test for measurement of β-hCG. Pre-and post-therapeutic β-hCG serum levels seem to be useful in the therapy monitoring of trophoblastic gynaecological conditions i.e. GTD, EG and SA.

Introduction: In India, chewing pan, use of commercial tobacco products, beedi, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and use of snuff are some of the common habits. Although several studies have been focused on aetiology and clinicopathological features of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OSCC) in the Indian population but very few studies have been conducted with reference to the incidence of OSCC in a younger age group. Aim: To assess clinicopathological profile of OSCC in younger (<45 years age group of) patients. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study was carried out at the Shree Krishna Hospital, Karamsad, Gujarat, India. All OSCC patients (1517) who were admitted in the hospital between January 2015 to December 2018 were included in the study. The case history and biopsy report files were retrieved from the data storage system of the Shree Krishna hospital, Karamsad, Gujarat, India. The tumours were histopathologically graded by cell differentiation into well differentiated, moderately differentiated and poorly differentiated categories. The data was entered in MS Excel 2010. Statistical analysis was carried out using EPI Info7. Quantitative data was presented with mean and Standard Deviation (SD) while qualitative data was presented with frequency and percentage. Chi-square and Fishers’-exact tests were used for qualitative data to check significant difference. Results: Overall consumption rate of tobacco was 91.4% and quid was 62.9%. Habit of chewing quid was more frequently observed in young 297 (71.4%) than old patients 548 (59.1%). In young patients, buccal mucosa was the most common site for OSCC (226, 48.4%) followed by tongue (158, 33.8%). While in old patients, most common site was gingivo buccal sulcus (138, 40.4%) followed by tongue (72, 21.1%). Overall stage IVA (270, 45.0%) was most commonly observed pathological stage followed by stage III (125, 20.8%). Conclusion: The present study indicates an increase in tobacco and pan chewing in young adults when compared to older individuals. Majority of the cases were in the advanced stages of the disease irrespective of the age. Screening programs for individuals at high risk of developing oral cancer including tobacco users are required for early and accurate diagnosis.

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