Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examined the underlying mechanism through which workplace bullying (WB) affects employees’ life satisfaction via job-related anxiety and insomnia. Time-lagged data were collected at two points in time from 211 doctor interns working in various hospitals in Pakistan. Our results fully supported a proposed serial multiple-mediator model. Workplace bullying was indirectly related to life satisfaction via job-related anxiety and insomnia. This study provides evidence of a spillover effect as to how workplace bullying increases employees’ job-related anxiety which in turn leads to insomnia resulting in reduced employees’ life satisfaction. The present study extends research on workplace bullying to display its theoretical as well as empirical effects on life satisfaction. It demonstrates that workplace bullying as an occupational and psychological stressor has multiple effects on employees’ life satisfaction through a serial mediation model in the context of a developing country. It further explains that workplace bullying not only affects an employee’s workplace behaviors but also extends to the employee’s overall life satisfaction.

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This study investigates the impact of FL on FP of textile sector (spinning, composite and weaving) of Pakistan considering the micro panel data of 56 firms over the period of 2011-2016. The study used FL as predictor measured by Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Interest Coverage Ratio (ICR) and Total Debt to Total Assets Ratio (TDTAR) while FP as dependent variable measured by Earnings per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM) and Return on Capital Employed (ROCE). Assets Tangibility (AT), Growth (G), Size (S) and Age (A) used as control variable. Based on the recommendations of Hausman test fixed and random effect in utilized. Outcomes of the study reveal mix results in selected textile sectors FP. In spinning sector ICR positively relate with EPS, NPM and ROCE. DER positively relates with NPM and negatively relate with EPS and ROCE.TDTAR negatively relate with EPS, NPM and positively relate with ROCE. In composite sector ICR negatively pertain with EPS, NPM and positively with ROCE. DER positively pertains with NPM and negatively with EPS and ROCE. TDTAR negatively relate with EPS, NPM and positively with ROCE. In weaving sector ICR show negative relationship with EPS, NPM and positive with ROCE. DER reveals negative relationship with EPS, NPM and positive with ROCE. TDTAR show positive relationship with EPPS, NPM and ROCE.

This study attempts to investigate the “dynamic IC transformation process” namely “knowledge inputs” → “processors” → “knowledge outputs” (I →P →O) model within the context of higher education institutes (HEIs) in Pakistan. In this knowledge era, HEIs are considered repositories of “knowledge” that are continuously reconfiguring and nurturing themselves with existing knowledge assets. Therefore, this study proposes a “dynamic IC transformation” (I →P →O) model to analyze the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) initiatives as “knowledge inputs” (I), “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities” as “processors” (P), and the performance of HEIs as “knowledge-outputs” (O). To test the model, we conducted a survey (questionnaire) involving 258 usable responses from teaching and non-teaching staff working in public and private HEIs in Pakistan. In this sense, we employed a parallel mediation analysis through process macro to evaluate the indirect effects of “processors” between “knowledge inputs” and “knowledge output.” The study identifies that “knowledge inputs” significantly influence the performance of HEIs in terms of “knowledge output.” However, the explanatory power of human capital as an essential element of IC initiatives is more detrimental than that of structural and relational capital initiatives. Further, results indicate that “processors,” i.e., “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities,” partially mediate the relationship between “knowledge inputs” and “knowledge output.” Thus, this study contributes to ongoing academic debates about how the “dynamic IC transformation model” works in producing “knowledge outputs” by leveraging “strategic innovation” and “process capabilities” of HEIs. Further, this study also offers fruitful implications for academicians that may turn the IC initiatives as “knowledge inputs” into the development of viable opportunities for HEIs as “entrepreneurial” or “stakeholder” universities by valuing their knowledge assets.