Background: Urinary tract infection is very common among the pediatrics. The systematic effects of vitamin D on the pathogens showed its vital role in immune regulation of the body. Objective: The study aimed to assess the status of vitamin-D in the children suffering from urinary tract infection. Study design: It is a cross-sectional study with statistical approach, conducted at HBS Medical and Dental College / HBS General Hospital Islamabad Material and Methods: The study was conducted on 91 patients visited the pediatric department of the hospital. The study was conducted for six month duration From November 2021 to April 2022. Out of the 91 patients included, the 53 were kept in the experimental group and 38 were kept in the control group. The average age of the patients who participated in this study was 3.86 ± 2.93 years in the case of experimental group while the other hand average age of the patients in the control group was 3.15 ± 3.02. Results: For this study, 91 patients were selected. Among these 91 patients, 53 were kept in the experimental group and 38 were kept in the control group. The average age of the patients who participated in this study was 3.86 ± 2.93 years in the case of experimental group while the other hand average age of the patients in the control group was 3.15 ± 3.02. The patients suffering from some UTI infections have a relatively lower level of vitamin D. For UTI infections, E. coli is the most common agent. However, other microbes are also thought to be the causative agent for this infection like P. aeruginosa, K. pneumonia, S. aureus, etc. Conclusion: Vitamin D is present in less amount in patients suffering from some urinary tract infections. Therefore a relationship exists between the level of vitamin D and urinary tract infections. Therefore by this study, we can predict that vitamin D therapy can be used to treat UTIs and prevent their repetition. For UTI infections, E. coli is the most common agent.However, there is a need for a large scale study for the more elaborated validations of this study. Keywords: Vitamin D, urinary tract infection and pediatrics.

Objective: To deduce association of dental caries with hypocalcaemia. Study Design: Cross-sectional Place & Duration: Islamic Dental hospital Islamabad, from September 2020 to February 2021. Materials and Methods: Eighty children were carefully chosen for this study, their ages were between 2-8 years. They were eighty in number and were placed into two groups. In group 1 children with compromised dental health were placed and their number was sixty. In group 2 children with healthy dentition were included and they were twenty in number. The degree of caries was calculated by following the standards given by WHO. For finding the statistically significant association between dental caries and hypocalcaemia Chi-square test was used. Results: Results have established that dental caries is prevalent in children with hypocalcemia. Chi-square analysis has indicated that in children with hypocalcemia and with hypoplastic tooth surfaces, more non-cavitated and cavitated carious lesions, filled surfaces and missing teeth were found than in children with normal calcium levels and having sound enamel surfaces and well-formed teeth (p = 0.01). This cross-sectional study has showed that caries, hypoplastic tooth surfaces, poorly mineralized teeth and early childhood dental caries are strongly correlated. Conclusion: It can be established seen that caries, hypocalcaemia, hypoplastic tooth surfaces and poorly mineralized teeth are correlated. Keywords: Decayed, Missed, Filled Teeth (dmft), 25 Hydroxy Vitamin D (25OHD