It has been clear from the above result that R. emodi is an effective herb in alleviating symptoms of primary dysmenorrhoea. It can serve as an alternative treatment without any apparent side effects. These results deserve further investigations.

This work was carried out in collaboration between all authors. Author FA designed the study, performed the statistical analysis, data analysis, managed the literature searches, wrote the protocol and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors GSS, MIA and MSH provided the guidelines of the study and prepared the maps. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.