Background and rationale: Job stress has become a major problem in recent period particularly in nursing profession. Work stress is the second prevailing problem related to health. The background of critical care areas is extremely hectic and stressful, that result from frequent emergencies, extraordinary high-tech complexity, and absorption of severely wounded patients subject to abrupt alterations in their health condition. Stress in the hajj season seems to be at its peak because nurses have consecutive 15 shifts and handling a high numbers of multicultural and multilingual patients. Objective of the study: To find out the level of job related stress and its related consequences among nurses working in the critical care areas of King Abdullah Medical City during hajj season. Methods: We used a questionnaire of 35 questions with likert scale as 1= Never, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, 4 = most often and 5 = always. In addition, we targeted all the nurses working in critical care area during hajj time of 2017. Results: From 100 (n=100) participants 39% responded as having mild stress, 47% participants having moderate stress and 14% nurses facing severe degree of stress. the majority 51% of this sample nurses showed moderate to severe degree of job satisfaction and a small percentage 2% were mildly satisfied with their job. Moreover, almost half participants 49% have mild mental and physical health problems due to stress while 22% to 29% respondents facing moderate to severe degree of health problems. Furthermore, 40% of the staff experienced a mild degree of being emotionally drained at work, while 33% of them had severe degree and 27% experienced a moderate degree. Additionally, 55% of the nurses responded that they are not participating in job related decisions. More than half of nurses were apathetic towards their colleagues and a maximum number of participant have feeling of incompetence. The results of an open-ended question for techniques to cope with the stress level, however, respondents can choose more than one option. Having tea, coffee or any other beverages were at the maximum numbers followed by deep breathing. Exercise, yoga or meditation was at minimum number as only 20% and 27% musical therapy. Gender and overall physical and mental health found to be the independent risk factors for stress in the multi-regression analysis. Conclusion: Overall job stress level is moderate among nurses in all critical care areas in our hospital. It is associated with a variety of personal and institutional factors and it needs further studies to detect its effects on patients care and outcome.

School Heads assume the ultimate obligation of accountability for student Academic excellence and teachers' performance in their institutions. The current Research exploration endeavored to analyze how the different leadership styles of school heads affect the performance of their teachers at public secondary schools in Multan. A descriptive research approach was employed in the current investigation. Data was collected using a questionnaire from a sample of four hundred and nineteen (419), including 187 male and 232 female teachers selected through stratified random sampling from secondary schools in the district of Multan, South Punjab, Pakistan. According to key highlighted observations of the study, Heads practiced all mixed leadership styles according to contextual requirements. However, no statistically significant differences were observed between teachers in terms of their professional and academic backgrounds or on the basis of their teaching experience. Moreover, according to manifested results, teachers' performance varied significantly according to their locations and gender. This study may help identify leadership approaches that inspire and empower teachers, leading to higher levels of productivity and overall job performance. Additionally, it is recommended that training for cultivating leadership styles that positively impact teacher performance be provided in educational institutions.

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Background: Nurses knowledge plays a very important role in the pre and post angiography care in hospital settings. But unfortunately, there is less attention given to improve nurses’ knowledge. Objective: To assess the improvement in the knowledge among female nurses after intervention regarding pre and post angiography care. Methodology: A quasi experimental study was conducted at Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology in June to September 2021 on 40 female nurses via a convenient sampling technique used for data collection.16 weeks of planned sessions completed and each individual was facilitated with 16 hours learning hour’s organized in morning and evening shifts according to the participant’s availability. Relatively, pre and post intervention sessions were organized for four months. Results: The results of present interventional program showed a remarkable impact on nurses’ knowledge related to pre and post angiography care. The pre-score was inadequate regarding pre and post angiography care of the participants on the other hand, there was an improvement after 16 weeks of interventional lecture session in the nurses knowledge scores 97.5% (p≤0.00), SD= related to pre and post angiography care. Conclusion: The present study showed that there was a great impact on nurses’ knowledge scores after interventional lecture sessions regarding pre and angiography care. So, it is concluded that lecture sessions, seminars and workshops should be arranged on regular basis to keep the nurses knowledge up to date and to get better output. Key words: Nurses ‘Knowledge, Angiography, Care