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Context: Plant materials contain glycoproteins (phytolectins) that are toxic in nature may play a key role in the control of various normal and pathological processes in living organisms and have diverse biochemical and diagnostic applications.Objectives: Screening of three lectins SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 purified from Drumstick (Moringa oleifera Lam.) leaves for their antibacterial activities and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Materials and Methods:Three bioactive lectins were purified from Drumstick leaves by conventional chromatographic methods. The lectins were tested for their antibacterial activities against three pathogenic bacteria− Escherichia coli (gram-negative) Shigella dysenteriae (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) using the standard disc-diffusion method. Mortality of the brine shrimp naupli was assessed by hality bioassay. Results:All the lectins showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, Sh. dysenteriae and St. aureus. They also showed cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp (Artemia salina L.) lethality bioassay. The LC50 values of SLL-1, SLL-2 and SLL-3 were found to be 15.8, 17.78 and 14.12 μg/ml respectively. The experimental results revealed that SLL-3 is more cytotoxic than other lectins. The lectin SLL-3 showed lowest activity whereas SLL-1 showed highest activity against the three bacteria. Conclusion:Results suggest that the extracts from M. oleifera leaf can be a source of natural antimicrobials with potential applications in pharmaceutical industry to control coliform bacteria.

Three lectins were isolated from an extract of jute leaves (Chorchorus olitorius) and purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50 of the 100% ammonium sulfate saturated crude extract, followed by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose were designated as JLL-1, JLL-2 and JLL-3. All the lectins were homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis and gave single bands. The molecular weights of the three lectins were estimated by the same method were 35000, 38000 and 42000, respectively. The lectins specifically agglutinated rat red blood cells. The agglutination of JLL-1 was inhibited by D-mannose/D-glucose and their derivatives, whereas D-galactose was found to be the potent inhibitor for the agglutination of JLL-2 and JLL-3. The lectins were glycoprotein in nature with a neutral sugar content of 1.3%, 1.2% and 0.8% for JLL-1, JLL-2 and JLL-3, respectively. The hemagglutinating activity of JLL-2 was also investigated after the treatment of physico-chemical agents. The lectin showed maximum activity between the range of pH 7.2-8.0 and the range of temperature of 20-30°C. The activity of lectin decreased after treatment with a higher concentration of acetic acid and urea. In the presence EDTA the activity was inhibited while the presence of Ca +2 , Mn +2 and K + increased the activity of the lectin moderately.

Patients who have dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and undergo surgery may develop aggravated postoperative cognitive dysfunction or postoperative delirium. Many patients with DLB respond poorly to surgery and anesthesia, and their conditions may worsen if they have other medical complications along with dementia. They may also face high risk of prolonged hospital stay, increased medical problems and/or mortality, causing significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens on individuals, family members, and society. Anesthesia, pain medications, old age, and surgery-related stresses are usually held responsible for the complications; however, the exact causes are still not fully understood. Literature on surgery-related complications for patients with DLB appears to be inadequate, and hence the topic merits detailed and systematic research. This article reviews postoperative complications and various surgery-related risk factors for DLB in light of other dementias such as Alzheimer's disease, as their neuropathologic features overlap with those of DLB.

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