Objective: To see lipid profile in patients of AMI having no other concomitant disease. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Coronary Care Unit, Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. Period: July 2016 to January 2017. Material & Methods: One hundred newly diagnosed cases of AMI, admitted in coronary care unit, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar as emergency and 100 normal subjects were included in the study. Sampling technique was Convenient sampling. Lipid profile was measured by using Cobas Chemistry analyzer, Roche, in Pathology Department, LRH, Peshawar. Results were analyzed by independent t-test. Results: There were 100 patients and 100 normal individuals included by consecutive sampling in the study. Out of 100 patients 85 (85%) were male and 15 (15%) were female. Age ranged from 26-80 years (50.87 ± 11.02). It was observed that 82% of the AMI patients had cholesterol levels less than 200mg/dl while LDL was less than 100mg/dl in all of the patients. However, HDL which is protective lipoprotein was found to be less than 40mg/dl. It was also observed that 82% of the patients had normal Blood Pressure whereas only 18% had high blood pressure. The working conditions of most of the patients (85%) were sedentary. Conclusion: In majority of the cases, blood pressure was normal. However HDL-C was less than 40 mg/dl in cases which is alarming. Besides, Sedentary Life style was found to be the major factor contributing to AMI.

Objectives: To determine whether serum vitamin D levels are correlated with serum levels of alkaline phosphatase or not? Study Design: Case control cross sectional study. Setting: Gastroenterology unit of private teaching hospital in Peshawar. Period: From November 2015-Januaray 2016. Material and Methods: 100 participants meeting the criteria were included in the study. Fifty clinically normal young adults and fifty were non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients were included in the study. Venous blood samples were taken from all the study participants and serum vitamin D levels were determined by Electro-chemiluminescence binding assay (ECLIA) and serum alkaline phosphatase was determined by Photometric Kinetics. Results: patients were divided into two groups on the basis of gender i.e.25 males and 25 females. A correlation between vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase was determined. Alkaline phosphatase was raised in the non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients. Pearson correlation was applied to find out the relation between vitamin D levels and alkaline phosphatase in the two groups which had a significant relationship with a p-value of 0.01. A positive correlation between alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone was found with a p value of <0.0001. Conclusion: In our study alkaline phosphate was considerably increased in chronic hepatitis C patients who might be due to underlying liver disease. In chronic liver disease the hepatocytes swell up and due to damage to the liver parenchyma the level of alkaline phosphatase increases.

Objectives: To determine and compare vitamin D status in chronic hepatitis C patients and normal healthy matching controls. Study Design: A case control study. Setting: A private clinic of Peshawar. Period: 1st November 2015 to 31st January 2016. Material & Methods: Fifty clinically normal young adults and fifty non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients were included in the study. Vitamin D was determined by electro chemiluminescence. Student t test was used to analyze the data in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of the study population was 30.68+ 5. Vitamin D deficiency was divided into three categories. 21% of the study population had severe vitamin D deficiency, 33% had mild to moderate deficiency and 46% of the study population had normal levels. Females population were more vitamin D deficient as compared to males (p-value<0.05). Vitamin D levels were comparatively decreased in the non cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients. Statistically significant (p value <0.05) results were obtained while comparing means of serum vitamin D of non-cirrhotic chronic hepatitis C patients with healthy matching controls. Conclusion: It is concluded from this study that a significant number of apparently healthy individual have low vitamin D level and some even fall in the severely deficient group without any active complains. Patients with chronic hepatitis C had rather increased levels of vitamin D as compared to normal healthy adults There might be some genetic factors underlying which affects the availability of Vitamin D.