Context: One of the main types of nasal deformity is unilateral cleft lip/palate, which affects the process of breathing and smelling. It is supposed that nasoalveolar molding (NAM) has a positive effect on the reduction of the tension in lips and helps to simplify or even eliminate the subsequent orthodontic treatment. Objective: This systematic review of papers focused on the effectiveness of NAM in patients with unilateral cleft lip/palate. Data Sources: The web search of Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline databases Study Selection: The identification of 1282 articles published up to 2018. The selected papers were screened based on the eligibility criteria after the thorough investigation of the titles and abstract. In the next step, article inconsistent with our objectives were removed from the current study. Afterward, the papers were thoroughly studied and data related to our study goals were extracted and recorded in predetermined extraction forms. After the full-text evaluation of the articles, results in the selection of 22 articles. Data Extraction: The search process was performed by the following keywords in combination with nasoalveolar molding or pre-surgical nasoalveolar molding or pre-surgical orthopaedic appliances: unilateral cleft lip/palate, UCL/P, Cleft lip, Cleft palate. Results: Based on the literature review, various studies have supported the effectiveness of nasoalveolar molding appliance therapy on nasal symmetry in unilateral clefts of the lip and/or palate treatment. Conclusions: The NAM therapy is effective in decreasing the severity of the initial cleft deformity, as well as repositioning of deformed nasal cartilage and alveolar process. It has many beneficial results in surgical outcomes. However, the long-term effect of this approach has remained unclear.

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Context: Cleft Lip and Palate (CL/P) is the most common craniofacial malformation in the oral cavity, with a prevalence of “1 to 2in 1,000 live births worldwide. Parents with CL/P children are more prone to experience emotional disorders, especially depression, and have higher child-related stress than the parents of normal children. Due to the effect of the mental status of parents on children, the assessment of the psychological aspects of this problem and its effects on the patients and their parents is critical. Evidence Acquisition: This systematic review was carried out to determine the quality of life (QoL) and emotional problems, including anxiety and depression, in the mothers of CL/P children. All the published studies were searched in three electronic databases, including MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science, up to December 30, 2020, using the keywords "Orofacial Clefts” and “Cleft Lip and Palate” in combination with “Anxiety," "Stress," "Depression," and "Quality of Life” in addition to “Parents," "Mothers," "Fathers," and "Caregivers." Results: Finally, 29 articles met the eligibility criteria for this review. Due to the differences in health care and culture, controversial findings were obtained on the QoL of parents with CL/P children. Social support plays a vital role in the prevention, resolution, and treatment of psychological problems of parents with CL/P children. The majority of studies confirmed the higher levels of anxiety and depression in caregivers of children with CL/P than in normal individuals. Conclusions: These findings emphasize the necessity of psychological screening in the first few months following the diagnosis to facilitate providing appropriate psychological support for parents with CL/P children.

Aims: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common cancers among women. The influence of genetic variations on BC risk has been thus far assessed via genome-wide association studies. NF-κB has been recognized as a major player in BC progression. In this study, the association between rs28362491 and BC was evaluated in a population from northeastern Iran. Materials & methods: This study was conducted on 476 patients with BC and 524 healthy controls. The genotyping method used was an amplification-refractory mutation system. Results: The INS/DEL genotype conferred a statistically significant increased risk in patients in comparison with controls. Additionally, in the recessive model, INS/INS + INS/DEL versus DEL/DEL was statistically significant (OR = 0.34; 95% CI: 0.12–0.96; p = 0.042). Conclusion: This study found that rs28362491, as a susceptibility genetic factor, may affect BC risk in the Iranian population.