A new rotary working tool, having the shape of a truncated cone for surface tillage, has been developed. A description of the laboratory complex for research is given. An active experiment was conducted, according to a pre-compiled plan. The results of laboratory studies of the energy characteristics of a rotating conical tillage working unit are presented. Two design parameters are independent factors: the angle of attack α and the angle of inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon β. The technological parameter is the processing depth a. The response functions took the magnitude of the traction force F and the rotation speed of the conical rotary working element ω. The energy characteristics of a rotary tillage tool depend on traction. To ensure minimal traction, it is necessary to choose rational values of α and β. The rotation speed of the conical rotary working unit affects the quality of the soil treatment. To ensure good quality tillage, it is necessary to select the desired speed of rotation of the working unit. During the experiment, all parameters simultaneously affecting the operation of the conical working unit were changed. The functional dependences of traction resistance and rotation speed of the conical working tool on the angles of attack α and the inclination of the axis of rotation to the horizon β, as well as on the depth of tillage, are established. A mathematical model of the conical working tool is obtained, which allows calculating the values of traction resistance and rotation speed. The rational values of the installation angles of the working unit α and β are substantiated, which ensure minimal traction resistance during operation. The basis of the engineering calculation of the conical working unit is the established patterns. These patterns should be taken into account during the operation of a rotary tillage tool with conical working bodies.

The article presents the results of experimental research of a conical rotary loosener for deep soil tillage. The loosener is a screw rotary conical tool mounted on a rack, with the possibility of rotation around its own axis from the reaction of the soil. Experimental research to assess the traction resistance of the loosener and to determine the dependency of the number of its revolutions per 1 meter of the traveled distance on the design parameters and the speed of movement were carried out in the soil canal of the Kazan State Agrarian University in accordance with the developed methodology. The influence of the number of turns of the loosener n, the rear cutting angle ε, the speed of movement υ and the hardness of the soil H on the traction resistance and the number of revolutions per 1 meter of the traveled distance of the loosener were studied. The soil in the soil canal was gray forest soil with a medium loamy texture. The values of soil density at the level of 1500 kg•m -3 with its moisture content of 17-18%, and the hardness varied in the range of 1.8-2.35 MPa. As a result of the calculations, regression equations were obtained for the traction resistance of the loosener and for the number of revolutions per meter of distance traveled. They were tested for adequacy according to the F-Fisher criterion. As a result of the research, the rational value of the number of turns n = 0.33 was established, the rear cutting angle of the loosener ε = 4-5º, the travel speed υ = 2.5 m•s -1 .