Research and Methodology Sample size Total number of total patients was 245 in our study. Study design Cohort study, systemically all patients were enrolled .Two investigators assigned for collection of data. Inclusion criteria The age group of 14 years to 69 was enrolled. The symptoms and duration and intensity of fever were systemically classified for the study. The only viral fever patients were included.

Objective: To assess the knowledge of premenopausal women belonging to different socioeconomic backgrounds, about symptoms, treatment, myths, and causes of early or late onset of menopause. Materials and methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted at the Ziauddin University hospital over a period of 8 months. A sample size of 300 was taken. Socioeconomic status was determined by inquiring about income per capita . Knowledge and perception of the premenopausal women were assessed. Data were entered and analyzed using version 20 of SPSS. Results: The upper class seemed to be highly aware of the common menopausal symptoms. Young females from the lower class had least knowledge about menopause, followed by middle class. 55% of women considered menopause to be a natural aging process rest believed that it is a clinical condition. The majority, with a negative perspective, belonged to lower socioeconomic class. Conclusion: About a quarter of Pakistanis are living below the poverty line, and since the study suggests that women from this stratum have poor knowledge about menopause, there is a great need for spreading awareness to this class. This study would help improve the quality of life of women belonging to the lower class and would eventually decrease morbidity and mortality due to the consequences of menopause.There is limited research in Pakistan about the knowledge of women regarding menopause, and the focus is diverted more towards evaluating the experience of menopause rather than perception. Adverse socioeconomic conditions are likely to leave deep imprints on psychological well-being of an individual. Hence it can be a major risk factor for the difference in opinion and perception as well as knowledge.

Background: Various factors lead to hypovitaminosis (decreased vitamin D levels in serum/blood), in general population, sunlight being one of the major factors. Doctors and staff nurses are particularly at risk due to long working hours indoors, which deprives them of adequate Ultraviolet light exposure Methods: It was a prospective descriptive cross sectional study conducted at Ziauddin University Hospital, Keamari campus, from August 2018 to July 2019. The objective of this study was to determine the status of vitamin D deficiency among doctors and staff nurses working at Ziauddin University Hospital. All those doctors and staff nurses were included in the study, who were already advised by physicians to get serum vitamin D levels done for their symptoms. Results: A total sample of 118 was collected. 56 doctors and 62 staff nurses participated in the survey. 85 out of 118 (72%) subjects were either deficient or insufficient of vitamin D. Conclusion: Even though doctors and nurses are considered to have better understanding of vitamin D deficiency symptoms and morbidity it causes; still this study found out that majority of the healthcare providers working at Ziauddin hospital were deficient of this vitamin.

No abstract