The etiology of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) associated with renal failure and hemodialysis is controversial. Possible mechanisms include a shared antigenicity between the kidney and the labyrinths, osmotic alteration caused by hemodialysis, and the ototoxic effect of diuretics. We present 2 cases of SNHL associated with renal failure and its treatment. One patient was a 35-year-old man who developed profound SNHL after 5 sessions of hemodialysis, and the other was a 36-year-old woman who developed severe to profound SNHL after 7 sessions. It is our impression that both hearing losses might have been attributable to osmotic disequilibrium in the labyrinth or to an acute labyrinthine injury caused by contamination of the blood by the degraded product of an old cellulose acetate hemodialyzer membrane; the hemodialyzer had been in use for 15 years.

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. Data were obtained from patients who gave consent by using pre tested interviewer assisted questionnaire. All the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Results: Prevalence of hoarseness was 2.4%. There were 58.4% males with male to female ratio being 1.5:1. Housewives were involved 27.6%, Singers 21.5%, Teachers 17.3%, and Clergy 13.1%. Main causes were 96.3% organic causes and 2.8% neurological causes. Common organic causes were 36.4% acute laryngitis, 30.8% chronic laryngitis, and 15.0% vocal nodules. Main predisposing factors were Upper respiratory tract infections 50.5%, Voice abuse 33.6%, and Laryngopharyngeal reflux 29.4%.