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Objective: The aim of this study was to review the impact of a possible association between self- efficacy, symptom severity, pain intensity, depression, anxiety and catastrophizing on health- related quality of life among chronic pain patients. Background: A large number of people experience and live with various types of physiological-oriented chronic pain (CP) diseases. Lives of individuals who suffer from CP may alter in various ways. Particularly, in terms of health-related quality of life after diagnosis. Even though, there has been significant increase in chronic pain research, this area of research continues to offer patients significant health repercussions. Findings: This research has discovered that, there still, is an urgent need for improvements in regard to treatment and quality of chronic pain management care. A range of literatures assessed several aspects in which CP alters the patients’ lives, as well as its potential repercussions in the workplace, on the dynamic of patients’ families, and their social environments. Methods: An exploratory review of literature alongside the implementation of a small exemplary pilot study that was solely undertaken to help further validate the results that were acquired via review of literature. The data presented in the pilot study were drawn from purposive sampling and structured survey questionnaires. Participants of the pilot study: Thirty adults (>18 years) diagnosed and currently living with various kinds of chronic physical non-cancer pain.

Background and Objectives:The experience of separation and death of parents can lead to many psychological and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine and compare social acceptability, conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation in children of divorce, children with parental death, and normal children. Materials and Methods:In this descriptive study, 180 6th-grade and middle school students in Qom in 2020 were selected by purposive and available sampling method, which includes 60 students with parental death, 60 students with divorced parents, and 60 normal students. Ford and Rubin Social Acceptability Questionnaire, Spirafkin and Gado Conduct Disorder Questionnaire, and Penza-Cliyve and Zeman Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Results:The findings showed that there is a significant difference among the children with divorced parents, children with parental death experience, and normal children in conduct disorders (F=50.807, p<0.001), difficulty in emotion regulation (F=11.344, p<0.001), and social acceptability (F=4.420, p=0.013). Thus, social acceptanbility, conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation were higher in the students with divorced parents than students with parental deaths and normal students. Conclusion:According to the results of the study, the rate of conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation in the children of divorce is higher than the children with parental deaths and normal children. Therefore, it is recommended to use psychological training and therapies to reduce psychological problems including symptoms of conduct disorders and improve emotion regulation and increase social acceptability in the students experiencing parental divorce and parental death.

Aim and objective: The aim of this study was to examine the impact of a possible relationship between self-efficacy, symptom severity, pain intensity, depression, anxiety and catastrophizing on health related quality of life among chronic pain patients. Background: Chronic pain (CP) is a universal medical problem. A concerning number of individuals experience and live with different types of physical chronic pain diseases. CP alters the lives of suffering individuals in various ways. Specially, in regard to experience of health related quality of life post diagnosis. Findings: This research has discovered that, current treatment methods are insufficient, patients are unsatisfied with the current medical techniques, and that the GPs and PCPs are not perceived to be great at treating chronic pain diseases. Methods: A theoretical review alongside the implementation of a small exemplary pilot study that was mainly undertaken to help confirm the results that were collected via review of literature. The data presented in the pilot study are drawn from purposive sampling and structured survey questionnaires. The participants were asked to explain about the potential challenges and limitations that having to live with chronic pain has created for them. Participants of the pilot study: Thirty adults (>18 years) diagnosed and currently living with various kinds of chronic physical non-cancer pain in various parts of the world. Conclusion: CP is a major health problem impacting the suffering individuals as well as their loved ones. Whys and wherefores surrounding the topic of chronic pain diseases are truly concerning and require more research.