BackgroundThe incidence and mortality of kidney cancer have steadily increased by 2%- 3% per decade worldwide, and an increased risk of kidney cancer has been observed in many Asian countries. The information on the incidence and mortality of a disease and its distribution is essential for better planning for prevention and further studies. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the incidence and mortality of kidney cancer and their correlation with the human development index (HDI) in Asia. Materials and MethodsThis ecological study was based on GLOBOCAN data Asia for assessment the correlation between age-specific incidence rate (ASIR) and age-specific mortality rate (ASMR) with HDI and its details that include life expectancy at birth, mean years of schooling and gross national income (GNI) per capita. We use of correlation bivariate method for assessment the correlation between ASIR and ASMR with HDI and its components. ResultsA total of 121 099 kidney cancer cases were recorded in Asian countries in 2012.Overall, 80 080 cases (66.12%) were males. Sex ratio was 1.95. The three countries with the highest number of new patients were china (66 466 cases), Japan (16 830 cases), India(9658 cases), respectively. Positive correlation were seen between HDI and ASIR of kidney cancer 0.655 (P = 0.001), and HDI and ASMR of kidney cancer 0.285 (P = 0.055). ConclusionsA positive relationship between ASIR and the HDI was seen. The relationship is due to risk factors in countries with high development such as older age, smoking, hypertension, obesity, and diet. However, ASMR showed no significant relationship with HDI.

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Background: Liver cancer (LC) is the sixth world most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death. Due to the importance and necessity of awareness about the incidence and mortality of diseases to perform prevention programs, this study focused on data for LC and its relationship with the human development index (HDI) and its components in Asia in 2012. Materials and Methods: This ecological study was based on GLOBOCAN data for Asian countries. We assessed correlations between standardized incidence rates (SIR) and standardized mortality rates (SMR) of LC with HDI and its components using of SPSS18. Results: A total of 582,420 incident cases and 557,097 deaths were recorded in Asian countries in 2012. The five with the highest SIR were Mongolia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Republic of Korea and Thailand and those with the highest SMR were Mongolia, Lao PDR, Vietnam, Cambodia and Thailand. A negative relation was observed between HDI and LC for SIR of 0.049 (P=0.748) and for SMR of 0.07 (P=0.645), with life expectancy at birth a positive relation for SIR of 0.061 (P=0.687) and a negative relation for SMR of 0.079 (P=0.603), with the average years of education a negative relation fo SIR of 0.476 (p=0.952) and for SMR of 0.032 (P=0.832), and with the country income level per person a negative relation for SMI of 0.11 (p=0.465) and for SMR of 0.113 (P=0.455). Conclusions:The incidence of LC is more in less developed and developing countries but statistically significant correlations were not found between standardized incidence and mortality rates of LC, and HDI and its dimensions.

Background: Sleep problems are one of the most common health problems in people with shift jobs. Due to being awake during night, nurses face with sleep problems, resulting in impaired cognitive functioning and professional mistakes. One of the common treatments in complementary medicine is transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TEAS on the sleep quality in nurses working shift in Kermanshah hospitals. Methods: This study was a single-blind clinical trial conducted in Kermanshah city in 2015. The research population included 36 shift nurses working in Kermanshah hospitals. Nurse's sleep quality was evaluated by pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire. We used "electrical stimulating acupuncture point's machine". The excitatory points included SP6, LI4 and HT7. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between Pittsburgh sleep quality index in three groups before the intervention (P > 0.05). After the intervention, the sleep quality index was significantly increased in the real points group and sham points (P < 0.001), (P = 0.016). Conclusions:The results of this study showed that electrical stimulation of acupuncture points can be effective in improving the overall index of sleep quality of shift work nurses. It is recommended that objective tools be used to study the effects of this method more precisely.