Background: The prevalence of allergy to tree nuts is spreading worldwide. Allergy to tree nuts causes more severe clinical symptoms and anaphylaxis attacks are more likely. The present study was conducted in order to investigate the cases of tree nut allergy among children referred to the allergy clinic of the Children's Medical Center in a period of one year (from the beginning of 2018 to its end). Methods: There were 1920 children with a history of atopic disease (asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, chronic urticaria) with a history of type I allergic reactions. Eighty seven patients with skin, digestive, respiratory symptoms or anaphylaxis after consuming tree nuts were included in the study. A skin test was performed for most of these people, and in some cases, the serum specific IgE level against the desired nuts was requested, and after confirming the positive history of allergy by the mentioned tests, a questionnaire containing 26 questions was completed by the parents to complete the information. Findings: The prevalence of allergy to tree nuts in the studied population was 4.5%. Allergy to almonds is at the top with a frequency of 62.1%. Totally, 55.2% of the patients were males.

Evidence of Simian virus 40 (SV40) DNA sequences or gene products has been reported in a variety of organ systems in humans. However, the route of transmission and the significance of SV40 polyomavirus infection in human are unknown. The aim of study was to characterize the frequency of SV40 infection in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with respiratory diseases. Respiratory specimens from patients with respiratory tract illness obtained from nasopharyngeal aspirates (n = 280) were screened for SV40 polyomavirus using real-time PCR; coinfection with other viruses was examined. Positive results were confirmed with sequencing. Of the 280 samples analysed, 2 (0.71%) were positive for SV40. SV40 was identified in nasopharyngeal aspirate samples from children aged 8 and 14 months who were immunocompetent. Both patients had upper or lower respiratory tract infection. Coinfections with other viruses were found in 50% of the SV40 positive samples. The data suggest that SV40 can infect respiratory tract, that respiratory tract may represent a route of transmission or a site for virus persistence, and that with the high rate of co-infection, SV40 may not involved in respiratory diseases.