Background Today, with the advancement of science, technology and industry, people’s lifestyles such as the pattern of people’s food, have changed from traditional foods to fast foods. The aim of this survey was to examine and identify factors influencing intent to use fast foods and behavior of fast food intake among students based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among 229 university students. The study sample was selected and entered to the study using stratified random sampling method. Data were collected using a four-part questionnaire including Participants’ characteristics, knowledge, the TPB variables, and fast food consumption behavior. The study data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 16.0) using descriptive statistics (frequencies, Means, and Standard Deviation) and inferential statistics (t-test, Chi-square, correlation coefficient and multiple regressions). Results The monthly frequency of fast food consumption among students was reported 2.7 times. The TPB explained 35, 23% variance of intent to use fast food and behavior of fast food intake, respectively. Among the TPB variables, knowledge (r = .340, p < 0.001) and subjective norm (r = .318, p < 0.001) were known as important predictors of intention to consume fast foods - In addition, based on regression analyses, intention (r = .215, p < 0.05), perceived behavioral control (r = .205, p < 0.05), and knowledge (r = .127, p < 0.05) were related to fast food consumption, and these relationships were statistically significant. Conclusions The current study showed that the TPB is a good theory in predicting intent to use fast food and the actual behavior. It is supposed that health educators use from the present study results in designing appropriate interventions to improve nutritional status of students.

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Background: Smoking among adolescents and young adults is believed to be one of the most important preventable health problems. The etiology of smoking is one of the most pivotal activities in designing prevention programs. The aim of this study is to determine the correlates between components of empowerment in the context of smoking prevention in adolescents. Methods:This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out on 422 high school male students in Spring 2020. The data collection tool of this study was a valid and reliable researcher-made questionnaire containing demographic charectheristics, items related to various components of empowerment, and items related to the smoking preventive behavior(SPB). A linear regression model was used, where the “SPB” outcome variable assumed three possible values: Sensation Seeking, Problem-solving skills, Self-efficacy, Self-esteem, Dependence on group and Attitude towards smoking, while taking those variables reported in previous literature as independent variables.Results: The results revealed that 10.42% of the students were active smokers and 40.75% of them had the experience of smoking. The results also showed a positive and significant relation among problem-solving skill (r=0.394, P<0.001), self-efficacy (r=0.340, P<0.001), self-esteem (r=0.310, P<0.001), and attitude (r=0.333, P<0.001) with the SPB. In addition, a negative and significant correlation was observed between group dependence (r=-0.313, P<0.001) and the SPB. Overall, the components of empowerment were able to explain 26.5% of the variance in SPB. Among the components, problem-solving skills solely explained 15.5% of variance of SPB.Conclusion: The present study suggested that the findings could be useful for researchers and health planners for designing and implementing appropriate health interventions to prevent and control smoking in adolescents.

There is conflicting evidence about factors associated with Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients. We aimed to identify the demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data factors associated with mortality in the Khoy district. We performed a retrospective cohort study including COVID-19 infected patients who were admitted to Qamar-Bani Hashim hospital from 2 November 2020 to 4 December 2020. We used random forest methods to explore the risk factors associated with death. The applied method was evaluated using sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and the area under the curve. Age, pulmonary symptoms, patients need a ventilator, brain symptoms, nasal airway, job were the most important risk factors for mortality of COVID-19 in the random forest (RF) method. The RF method showed the highest accuracy, 82.9 and 79.3, for training and testing samples, respectively. However, this method resulted in the highest specificity (89.5% for training and 95.7% for testing sample) and the highest sensitivity (91.9% for training and 94.5% for testing sample). The potential risk factors consisting of older age, pulmonary symptoms, the use of a ventilator, brain symptoms, nasal airway, and the job could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage.

Background &Aims: Family members' support during postnatal period is so important for women and neonates health. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of counseling with family member's on postnatal perceived stress in Iranian women.Methods: In this randomized clinical trial a group of 294 women and their husbands and family members randomly allocated into two intervention (149) and control (145) groups. Women in intervention group received involvement program. Both groups completed the Postnatal Perceived Stress Inventory, and a demographic questionnaire. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U, Wilcoxon tests and independent t-test. P value less than 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Findings revealed a significant reduction in total postnatal perceived stress (t = 8.93, p<0.001) and in it's all subscales including fatigue (t= 6.55, p<0.001), relationship with baby (t=2.63, p<0.001), relationship with body (t= 6.43, p<0.001), feeding the baby (t= 2.16, p<0.001), future plan (t= 10.29, p<0.001) and in relationship with partner (t= 10.83, p<0.001).Conclusion: Involvement husband and family members could empower women to overcome stressors and reduce postnatal perceived stress. BackgroundThe postpartum period or puerperium is a transitional time and is a potentially stressful period because a woman needs to face both the new tasks of her maternal role and changes in her body [1]. The puerperium is a crucial time of transition in the lives of new mothers, coincidences by several physiological, emotional and psychosocial changes that begin soon after birth and can continue till the end of the first year of life of the child [2].Postpartum anxiety and stress is widespread, with prevalence ranging from 2% to 45% in the first year postpartum [3,4]. Along with postpartum stressors such as sleep deprivation, hormonal diversity, and the requirement of caring of a neonate, first-time mothers have to adjust to their new parenting role [5, 6]. First-time mothers may feel uncertain about their capabilities to care of newborn [7]. They often feel devastated, extremely tired, and abandoned in their new roles [8, 9]. Studies have