Introdution: One of the major challengs in ovarian tissue transplantation is overcomeing ischemia/ reperfusion injuries. During ischemia–reperfusion processes, oxygen free radicals constitute the most important component that induces damage of the grafted tissues. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of L-Carnitine (LC) as an antioxidant on heterotopic transplantation of mouse ovarian tissue. Methods: In this laboratory experimental study, 5- week old female NMRI mice were divided into four groups: control, transplanted without administration (autograft), sham group (autograft+ saline) and LC group (autograft+ L- carnitine). Left ovarian tissues were transplanted into the Gluteal muscle for 3 weeks. After this time, ovarian tissues from all groups were removed and fixed in formalin for histological studies. Furthermore, rate of Caspase- 3 was assessed by immunohistochemistry test. Lipid peroxidation was assessed by measuring  malondialdehyde (MDA). One-way ANOVA and Tudey test was used to analyze the data using the spss 16 software. Significance was defined as P≤0.0. Results: The study results indicated that total follicular count in transplantedwithout administration and sham groups was significantly lower than the control group (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the control and LC groups. In addition, the rate of caspase-3 was decreased in the LC group, but no significant difference existed between all groups (p<0.05). A significant reduction in the concentration of MDA was observed in the LC group than that in the other transplanted groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, LC could improve the ovarian reserve to some extent, but its effect was not significant.

Introduction: In the recent years, transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been considered by researchers as one of the possible effective approach in the treatment of major depressive disorder. However, the results of these investigations are often contradictory. According to this, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of tDCS in reducing symptoms of people with major depressive disorder. Methods: In the sham-controlled randomized trial, twenty people with major depressive disorder referred to a private psychiatric clinic in Tehran City, Iran. They were selected by convenience sampling and divided into the intervention and control groups by randomized block design. tDCS was administered 2 mA, 20 minutes per session, for 10 sessions, 3 days per week. Immediately after, and one month after the intervention, the scores of the two groups were assessed in the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software and using statistical methods of repeated analysis of variance and independent and dependent t-test. Results: The results of repeated analysis of variance for Hamilton (F = 43.5 and P = 0.017) and Beck (F = 125.12 and P = 0.022) depression scores showed the significance of the interaction effect of time (four stages of measurement) and group membership (experiment and control) (P < 0.05). In depression scores in both Hamilton and Beck scales in the experimental group in the intervention stages (Hamilton scale, P = 0.019, Beck scale = P = 0.017) and follow-up (Hamilton scale, P = 0.01, Beck scale = P = 0.03) was significantly reduced compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the effectiveness of tDCS in reducing symptoms of major depressive disorder. More clinical trials are needed to prove the effectiveness of tDCS compared to a variety of treatments.

Background and Objectives: Social anxiety disorder is one of the most common anxiety disorders. It presents with a persistent fear of one or more social or functional situations and is highly prevalent. This study aimed to investigate the predictive role of spiritual wellbeing in social anxiety. Methods: The method of research was descriptive correlational. The study population included all students of Al-Zahra University in the 2018-2019 academic year. The cluster random sampling method was used to recruit 290 samples. Data collection tools included social phobia inventory and spiritual wellbeing. A correlation and multivariate regression test was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the dimensions of spiritual wellbeing have a negative relationship with social anxiety. Based on these results, the correlation coefficient (r=0.157) between the total score of spiritual wellbeing and social anxiety is significant (P<0.01). Also, the results showed that the spiritual wellbeing variable explains 10% of the changes in social anxiety. Conclusion: According to these findings, planning, and teaching to promote students’ spiritual wellbeing are essential in reducing their social anxiety.