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Introduction: The relevant risk factors of depression among the elderly must be identified in order to design an appropriate interventional program to prevent depression among them. Therefore, this study tried to have a comprehensive look to identify depression risk factors among the elderly through systematic reviewing of original researches in this area. Method: Article abstracts were systematically searched from Pub Med, Elsevier, Scopus, PsycINFO data bases and related English articles were reviewed from 1992 to 2015 with keywords such as Elderly or Older, Old, Aged, Late-life and Adults in combination with Risk factor, Affective, etiology, predictor, determinant ,mood and Depression. According to the determined criteria's, 21 article of the 66 articles were selected in this study and the relationship between risk factors and symptoms of depression were summarized and compared. Results: Based on the results of descriptive-analytical studies: factors of demographic characteristics, lifestyle, psychological and physiological variables were predicted Depression in the elderly. The results of interventional studies were indicated in the reducing depression: regular physical activity and appropriate diet were Reduced the level of depression. As well as results of a study showed that treatment through reviewing his/her life is effective in reducing severity depression in the Elderly women. Conclusion: social support is the most important protective factor Against depression in elderly. As well as regarding the obtained contradictions in the reviewed study results in order to determine the role of Metabolic syndrome in the elderly depression needs more comprehensive research in this area.

Background: Lupus Nephritis (LN) in patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is one of the most serious and prevalent manifestations. The procedure of renal biopsy is harmful and accompanied by potential hazards. Therefore, introducing reliable biomarkers to predict LN is exceedingly worthwhile. In the current study, we compared the diagnostic values of circulating autoantibodies against dsDNA, C1q, C3b, SSA, SSB, and Sm alone or in combination to predict LN.Methods: This study evaluated abovementioned autoantibodies in 40 healthy controls (HCs) and 95 SLE patients with different kidney involvements, including absent (n = 40), inactive (n = 20), and active (n= 35) LN using EIA method.Result: The frequency and odds ratio of anti-dsDNA (71.4%, OR=4.2), anti-C1q (62.9%, OR= 5.1), and the simultaneous existence of anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA (51.4%, OR=6) antibodies were significantly higher in the active LN group compared with both inactive and absent LN groups. Moreover, the levels of anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies positively correlated with disease activity in patients with SLE. The prevalence of these autoantibodies was associated with the severity of LN biopsies. Conclusion: These data suggest that anti-C1q and anti-dsDNA antibodies and also the simultaneous presence of them may be valuable diagnostic biomarkers for LN prediction in patients with SLE.

Human adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) causes obesity with increased adiposity, in contrast, Ad-36 infection reduces glucose and lipid metabolism; the results, however, are not consistent. In the current study, the effects of Ad-36 infection on glucose and lipid profile and inflammatory markers in Wistar rats were investigated. Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into infected and control groups. Ad-36 virus suspension was injected in the experimental group rats. Blood samples were collected in the beginning and after 12 weeks in both groups. After 12 weeks, a significant improvement was observed in fasting blood glucose, fasting serum insulin, insulin sensitivity, serum triglycerides and total cholesterol in the infected group compared with the non-infected groups. There were no significant differences in inflammatory biomarkers including tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels between infected and control groups. This study showed that Ad-36 had favorable effects on glycemic and lipid control in infected rats, but inflammatory biomarker levels were similar for 2 groups. Ad-36 infections could potentially be a new way to develop novel antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic therapeutic agents.

Weight changes during menstrual cycle may be a cause of concern about body weight among most women. Limited data are available linking menstrual cycle and body weight changes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between menstrual cycles and body weight changes among university students in Ahvaz, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 Iranian female students aged 18-24 years. Anthropometric indices were measured according to standard protocols. During a complete menstrual cycle, weights of participants were measured each morning. Seventy eight percent of participants had normal weight (Body Mass Index: 18.5-24.9 kg m(-2)). Body weight increased only slightly during the three days before beginning of the menstruation. By using repeated-measures ANOVA, no statistically significant differences were found in weigh during menstrual cycle (p-value = 0.301). No statistically significant changes were found in body weight during women's menstrual cycle in a group of healthy non-obese Iranian young women. Further studies on overweight and obese women are suggested.