Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is one of the chronic diseases which is increasing in prevalence and patients suffer from illness are-ups. UC standard regimen treatment has various side effects besides the e cacy, so there is an interest in administering complementary medicine to reduce adverse effects and increase the e cacy, as well. The aim of this study was to evaluate the e cacy and anti-in ammatory effect of Thymus kotschyanus as an additive treatment in a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of UC patients.Methods: Thirty UC out-patients with mesalazine regimen treatment that ful lled the inclusion criteria were participated in a 12-week trial and were randomly chosen for the treatment and control group.Fifteen patients were administered a placebo as a control and 15 patients were administered received Thymus kotschyanus extract by a dose of 0.5 grams in a day in the treatment group. Laboratory tests were performed at baseline and week 12. The primary outcome was reduction in fecal calprotectin as the main intestine in ammatory marker. Likewise, reduction in SCCAI, SIDBQ, and SEO indices were considered as the secondary aims. The primary outcome was a reduction in SCCAI as the main intestine in ammatory marker. Likewise, reduction in fecal calprotectin, SIDBQ, and SEO indices were the secondary aims.Results: Fecal calprotectin Comparing the treatment and placebo groups at week 12 indicated a was decreased in fecal calprotectin by 54.74% in the treatment group, as compared with placebo group at week 12 (p=0.02). and alsoA signi cant difference reduction was shown in SCCAI was also shown between two study groups (p=0.01). Thymus kotschyanus extract was safe and no severe side effects were reported.Conclusion: Administration of Thymus kotschyanus revealed improvement in UC symptoms by the intestinal anti-in ammation effect of the plant and could be suggested as a potential additive treatment in UC patients. The study protocol has been registered under the identi cation code: IRCT20200406046965N2.

Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies among women around the world. RAS proteins require posttranslational modifications, including protein prenylation for proper membrane localization and signaling. Regulation of RAS signaling via specific and novel pharmacological inhibitors is a potentially novel therapeutic approach in breast cancer therapy. This review summarizes the recent knowledge about the clinical value of RAS prenylation pharmacological inhibitors in breast cancer treatment.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is one of the critical cardiovascular complications that lead to elevated morbidity and mortality among patients with type 2 diabetes (T2M). The association between osteoprotegerin (OPG) and CAC could potentially provide a reasonable chance for preventive therapy in type 2 diabetic patients and benefit the rate of mortality. Since measurement of CAC score is relatively expensive and requires radiation exposure, the current systematic review aims to provide clinical evidence for evaluating the prognostic role of OPG in determining CAC risk among subjects with T2M. Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, were investigated until July 2022. We assessed human studies investigating the association of OPG with CAC in type 2 diabetic patients. Quality assessment was performed by Newcastle–Ottawa quality assessment scales (NOS). Out of 459 records, 7 studies remained eligible to be included. Observational studies that provided odds ratio (OR) estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between OPG and the risk of CAC were analyzed by random-effects model. In order to provide a visual summary of our findings, the estimation of pooled OR from cross-sectional studies was reported as 2.86 [95% CI 1.49–5.49], which is consistent with the findings of the cohort study. Results revealed that the association between OPG and CAC was significant among diabetic patients. OPG is hypothesized to be a potential marker in predicting the presence of high coronary calcium score among subjects with T2M that could be recognized as a novel target for further pharmacological investigations.

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