Postpartum minor discomforts may occur resulting from all systems adaptation. Immediate and effective care for these discomforts can make the differences in postpartum adaptation. The aims of the study were to assess knowledge regarding postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities among nulliparous women and set guidelines for nulliparous women about postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities. Study design: cross sectional descriptive design. Setting: the antenatal clinic of two hospitals (Zagazig university hospital and al Ahrar hospital. Study subjects: A convenient sample included 520 nulliparous women. Tools of data collection: A structured interview questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of the studied women was 22.67 ± 2.15 years. A higher percentage of the studied women were secondary and university educated than essentially educated 52.7% & 31.5% vs. 15.8% respectively. In addition a higher percentage was rural residents and housewives 55.8% & 84.6% respectively. 68.1% of women were recruited in late pregnancy beyond 20 weeks and mothers were the main source of the studied women knowledge. Conclusion: almost three fourth of nulliparae had poor knowledge regarding the postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities for relieving them. Moreover the socio-demographic characteristics mainly affected the mean knowledge score; as young nulliparae below the age of 25, low level of education, rural residents and housewives their mean knowledge score was low. Recommendations: Health teaching supported by prints and drawings should be given to pregnant women in their antenatal visits that involve information about the postpartum period, minor discomforts that may arise during this period, their relief measures and how to differentiate them from danger signs that may arise during this critical period that require seeking advice of health care giver.

Background: Emergency contraception has been available and registered for a long time in Egypt and some other Middle Eastern countries, it is still relatively unknown and is discussed controversially in such countries, and the problem of unintended pregnancy still exists. Aim of the study: was to assess reproductive age women health related behavior regarding emergency contraceptive methods. Subjects and Method: Research design: Descriptive study. Setting: The study was conducted at the family planning unit of the outpatient clinic of Zagazig university hospitals. Subjects: A convenient sample included 310 women. Tools of data collection: A structured interview questionnaire which entailed two parts: General characteristics and women health related behavior regarding emergency contraceptive methods. Results: Small percentage of the studied women previously used emergency contraception and agreed that emergency contraceptive methods pills can't be used as ongoing long term contraception. Less than one fifth of the studied women had the intention to seek emergency contraceptive methods if the woman has unprotected sex. Less than one fifth agreed that emergency contraceptive pills (Contraplan II) are available in pharmacies with easy access and affordable cost. Less than one fifth agreed that there is no religious rejection of emergency contraception and agreed that the dose should be repeated if vomiting occurs within 2 hours of emergency contraceptive pills intake. Almost one fifth agreed that breast feeding should be discontinued for few days with some types of emergency contraceptive pills as it are expressed in breast milk. Conclusion: almost one third of the studied women had positive behavior regarding emergency contraception. Recommendations: Provision of verbal knowledge or in the form of guidelines& brochures to women attending different family planning and maternal & child health centers about emergency contraception and its availability and cost effectiveness; as this will improve health related behavior regarding it.

Background: There is a continuous controversy regarding the obstetric perinatal outcome of multiple pregnancies conceived after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). There is an ongoing discussion whether theses parameters may show poorer results as compared to spontaneous conception. Aims: of the present study wereto compare the perinatal outcome in spontaneous multiple pregnancies compared to those conceived by ART and to design a booklet to orient the parturient women included in the study about spontaneously conceived and ART conceived multiple pregnancies. Design: A prospectivecohort observational study was used. Setting: The study was conducted at the labor ward at labor and child hood hospital, Zagazig University hospital. Subjects: Group A consisted of 83 parturient women with spontaneously conceived multiple pregnancies and group B which consisted of 27 parturient women with multiple pregnancies conceived by ART who were admitted to the study setting within a period of one year from January to December, 2015. Tools: Data collection tool consisted of 3 parts, structured interview questionnaire, labor record and neonatal record. Results: Group B were significantly complicated with threatened abortion and placenta previa than group A (24.0%& 24.0% VS. 7.1% &2.4% respectively). Premature rupture of membrane and severe preeclampsia were statistically significant main indications of emergency cesarean delivery in group A compared to group B, while placenta previa was a statistically significant amin indication for emergency CS in group B compared to group A (P= 0.032). As regards neonatal outcome, there were a statistically significant increase in the neonatal intensive care unit admission and still birth in group B compared to group A (64.0% & 22.0% VS. 46.4% & 2.9% respectively). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the study, When compared to spontaneously conceived twins, ARTconceived twins are more or less similar to those conceived spontaneously. Recommendation: Multiple pregnancy in general whether conceived spontaneously or by ART techniques require proper antenatal, intra-natal and postnatal care as it poses several risks on both mother and fetus.

Postpartum minor discomforts may occur resulting from all systems adaptation. Immediate and effective care for these discomforts can make the differences in postpartum adaptation. The aims of the study were to assess knowledge regarding postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities among nulliparous women and set guidelines for nulliparous women about postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities. Study design: cross sectional descriptive design. Setting: the antenatal clinic of two hospitals (Zagazig university hospital and al Ahrar hospital. Study subjects: A convenient sample included 520 nulliparous women. Tools of data collection: A structured interview questionnaire was used. Results: The mean age of the studied women was 22.67 ± 2.15 years. A higher percentage of the studied women were secondary and university educated than essentially educated 52.7% & 31.5% vs. 15.8% respectively. In addition a higher percentage was rural residents and housewives 55.8% & 84.6% respectively. 68.1% of women were recruited in late pregnancy beyond 20 weeks and mothers were the main source of the studied women knowledge. Conclusion: almost three fourth of nulliparae had poor knowledge regarding the postnatal minor discomforts and self care activities for relieving them. Moreover the socio-demographic characteristics mainly affected the mean knowledge score; as young nulliparae below the age of 25, low level of education, rural residents and housewives their mean knowledge score was low. Recommendations: Health teaching supported by prints and drawings should be given to pregnant women in their antenatal visits that involve information about the postpartum period, minor discomforts that may arise during this period, their relief measures and how to differentiate them from danger signs that may arise during this critical period that require seeking advice of health care giver.