Background Data regarding the kinetics of anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and information about post–COVID-19 condition (colloquially known as “long COVID”) in children are scarce, especially in low-income countries. Even though cases of COVID-19 in children are less prevalent than adults, post–COVID-19 condition cases in children are high and have a burden that may impact their growth and development. There are other features of antibody kinetics in connection with SARS-CoV-2 infection that are yet unknown as of this writing, especially in children following infection. Furthermore, the long-term results, risk factors, and underlying pathophysiology are still uncertain. To better understand post–COVID-19 condition in children, it is necessary to further investigate the impact of clinically significant factors such multisystem inflammatory syndrome and disease severity among hospitalized survivors through their SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. Objective We aim to analyze anti–receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies over time and characterize the signs and symptoms of post–COVID-19 condition in pediatric patients at the time of diagnosis and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months following infection. Methods This is a longitudinal observational study in Indonesia. Pediatric patients diagnosed with COVID-19 by positive molecular assay using nasopharyngeal swab will be tested for anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay at the time of diagnosis and at 2 weeks and 1, 3, and 6 months following infection. Antibody titer data will be reported as means and SDs. The respondents’ signs and symptoms will be observed up to 6 months after the onset of infection, including the vaccination event, reinfection, rehospitalization, and mortality. The clinical features will be reported as frequencies and percentages. Results Participant enrollment began in February 2022. As of September 30, 2022, a total of 58 patients were enrolled. After data collection, results are expected to be analyzed in August 2023. Conclusions This study will allow us to know the kinetics of anti–receptor-binding domain SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G antibodies and data regarding post–COVID-19 condition up to 6 months following infection in the Indonesian pediatric population. Furthermore, this study has the potential to serve as a foundation for government decisions about vaccination programs and prevention measures. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43344

BACKGROUND Data regarding kinetics of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and information about Long Covid in children are scarce, even though cases of COVID-19 in children are 18.5% of the total COVID-19 cases in the world with the prevalence of Long COVID is around 4-66%. OBJECTIVE We aimed to analyse anti RBD IgG antibodies over time and characterize long COVID sign and symptom in pediatric patients at 6 months following infection. METHODS This is a longitudinal observational study which was approved by the Medical and Health Research Ethics Committee (MHREC) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing UGM (KE/FK/1288/EC/2021). COVID-19 pediatric patients diagnosed by positive molecular assay in nasopharyngeal swab will be tested for anti SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using the Roche Elecsys anti-SARS-CoV-2 S assay at the time of diagnosis, two weeks, one, three, and six months after diagnosed. Antibody titer data will be reported as mean and standard deviation. The respondents’ signs and symptoms will be observed up to 6 months after the onset of infection. The clinical features will be reported in frequency and percentage. RESULTS The funding was obtained in 2021, with participant enrollment starting in February to April 2022. Results analysis are expected in November 2022 CONCLUSIONS This can be the first study that reported the kinetics of Anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies for up to 6 months following infection and long-covid prospectively in the Indonesian pediatric population.

No abstract

gastrointestinal complaints and central nervous system involvement, mainly confusion, fatigue, headache, dizziness, syncope, and lethargy resulting during the abdominal seizure activity. Chronic vomitting or other gastrointestinal symptoms often lead to fluid and nutritional deficiencies which resulted in malnutrition. To date, there was no study has been reported on abdominal epilepsy in Indonesia. Case Presentation: We presented a case of two-year-old girl with chief complaint of recurrent profuse vomiting every month for the past year. Patient complained of headaches and abdominal pain and tended to sleep all day during relapse. Physical examination showed sunken eyes and decreased skin turgor. EEG showed abnormal results, diffuse irritative, epileptiform with normal basic rhythm. Esophageal polyps were also found on endoscopy. Patient was given anti-epileptic drugs and histamine H2 receptor antagonists and responded well to those therapies. Conclusion: Abdominal epilepsy is a rare case which may resulted in vomiting and abdominal pain in children. EEG examination is an important test for diagnosing abdominal epilepsy. Treatment with anti-epileptic drugs is known to respond well in this case.