Striking results of present study indicate that lower body mass index and lesser waist circumference along with treatment compliance and awareness of normal blood pressure ranges are important factors that affect reaching treatment targets in hypertensive subjects.

BACKGROUND Vitamin D is involved in cardiac contractility and myocardial calcium hemostasis, and vitamin D deficiencies are known to cause various cardiovascular disorders and have been linked with sudden cardiac death. AIMS The aim of the study was to evaluate repolarization distribution, represented by QT interval, corrected QT interval (QTc), QT dispersion, Tpeak -to -Tend (Tp -e) interval, Tp -e/QTc ratio, JT interval, JT dispersion, and Tp -e/JTpeak ratio in children with vitamin D deficiency. Moreover, we aimed to determine the relationship between ventricular repolarization anomalies and vitamin D deficiency. METHODS The study included 50 adolescent patients with vitamin D deficiency (vitamin D <20 ng/ml), 50 adolescent patients with vitamin D insufficiency, and 50 age -matched controls (vitamin D level >30 ng/ml). QTc duration, QT dispersion, JTpeak duration, JT dispersion, Tp -e, Tp -e/JTpeak ratio, and Tp -e/ QTc ratio were recorded on electrocardiogram. RESULTS Patients with vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency had longer Tp -e interval (P <0.001), while Tp -e/QTc and Tp -e/JTpeak ratios were found to be increased in the same group of patients (P = 0.005 and P <0.001, respectively). QT dispersion and JT dispersion were higher in the deficient group when compared with the other groups (P = 0.045 and P = 0.02, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The present study, conducted in a pediatric population, is the first in the current literature to assess the relationship between ventricular repolarization anomalies and vitamin D deficiency.

Background: Only a small percentage of pediatric chest pain is of cardiac origin and the most common detected cause is musculoskeletal. Among musculoskeletal causes, acute chest pain is better described, with the causes of chronic pain not being adequately investigated in the literature. The aim of studuy is to evaluate the musculoskeletal causes of non-cardiac chest pain and investigate the relationship of chest pain with child abuse and central sensitization. Methods: Patients aged 12 to 18 years presenting with chest pain for at least 3 months were evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist and those without an organic pathology were referred to the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic. In addition to detailed history and physical examination, juvenile fibromyalgia was questioned according to the 2016 revised diagnostic criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. The visual analog scale (to measure intensity of chest pain), the Central Sensitization Inventory (to evaluate the presence of central sensitization), the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (to determine depression and anxiety), the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (to assess the presence of child abuse) were administered. Results: The study was completed with 64 patients. Twenty-six percent of patient (n = 17) were diagnosed with juvenile fibromyalgia, and central sensitization was detected in 34.4% (n = 22). Pain intensity, anxiety, depression and abuse scores were higher in patients with juvenile fibromyalgia than those without juvenile fibromyalgia and in patients with central sensitization compared to those without central sensitization (p < 0.001 for both). Higher scores of pain were related with child abuse [beta = 0.763, p < 0.001, (%95 CI, 4.397; 8.841)] and central sensitization of pain [beta = 0.382, p = 0.008 (95% CI: (0.986;6.231)] in regression analyses. Conclusion: In this study, juvenile fibromyalgia was detected as a cause of non-cardiac chest pain. Juvenile fibromyalgia or central sensitization may also indicate childhood abuse.

Background: Vasovagal syncope is the most common cause of syncope in childhood and its treatment is not at a satisfactory level yet. We aimed to investigate patients who were diagnosed with vasovagal syncope, did not benefit from conventional treatment, received midodrine treatment, and to evaluate their response to midodrine treatment. Methods: Files of 24 patients who were diagnosed with recurrent vasovagal syncope, did not benefit from non-pharmacological treatments, and received midodrine treatment during June 2017–October 2019 were retrospectively analysed. Results: In total, 24 patients received a treatment dose of midodrine at 5 mg/day (2.5 mg BID) included in the study. The mean number of syncope was 5.75 ± 2.67 prior to treatment. Following treatment, the mean number of syncope was 0.42 ± 0.89. It was observed that syncope episodes did not recur in 17 patients, but it recurred in 4 out of 7 patients in the first 3 months of the treatment and did not recur in the following months. The episodes improved in two patients with an increase in the treatment dose, but the syncope episodes continued in only one patient. Conclusion: It was concluded that midodrine treatment was effective and safe in adolescents with recurrent vasovagal syncope.

Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 (BNT162b2) conferred a high level of protection against Covid-19 with a proven short-term safety profile. Although cases of vaccine-associated myopericarditis have been reported, the existence of rhabdomyolysis without myocarditis has not yet been published. A 16-year-old, healthy male patient, who did not use any herbal or illegal drugs before, was admitted with muscle pain that developed after the second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine. Cardiac examination and heart enzymes were normal and the patient had significantly higher creatinine kinase levels. The patient, whose enzymes returned to normal with only force hydration therapy, recovered without complications. Reporting the side effects of the vaccine, which has a short history of application to large populations, is of vital importance in the conduct of vaccine development studies and in identifying the risky group in terms of side effects.