Smoking caused acute, significant increase in choroidal thickness that returned to baseline levels after 1 h. The choroidal and retinal thicknesses did not differ significantly between the healthy young smokers and non-smokers.

Purpose:To assess the comorbidity of dry eye syndrome (DES) and changes in corneal curvature in children with allergies.Materials and Methods:This prospective, comparative, and observational interventional study included 49 patients, who presented to the Ophthalmology Clinic of a State Hospital in Turkey. There were 25 patients with clinically diagnosed seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (with complaints of itching and papilla formation of conjunctiva; AC group) and 24 healthy children (control group). There with no significant differences in age between groups. Using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire, we performed tear film break-up time (BUT), central reflex tear meniscus height (TMH-R) measurement, Schirmer test on both groups and evaluated keratometry (K1, K2) and spherical equivalent (SE).Results:Patients ranged in age from 6 to 18 years (median age, 11.79 years; 46.9% male; 53.1% female). The papillary reaction was severe in 10% of patients with AC. The prevalence of dry eye in children with AC was 12%. There was no statistically significant difference between groups for K1, K2, and SE (P > 0.05, all comparisons). BUT was statistically different (P = 0.004) between groups, indicating that a higher OSDI the tear film BUT was lower (ρ = 0.567). Statistically, significant negative moderate correlations were found between papillary reaction and the Schirmer test, BUT, and TMH-R (ρ = 0.454, −0.412, −0.419, and P = 0.001, 0.003, 0.002, respectively)Conclusions:The evaluation of pediatric patients with AC requires further attention to ensure an adequate diagnosis of DES.

Purpose: Diabetic retinopathy (DRP) is the formation of edema and small vessels in the retina due to high blood glucose levels. Asprosin is a hormone that stimulates the release of glucose from the liver into the circulation. Considering the relationship between oxidative stress and DRP, our study aimed to determine the levels of the oxidative stress markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), as well as asprosin, in the blood and aqueous humor (Aq) of patients with and without DRP. Methods: Thirty patients with single-eye DRP and cataract (DRP + C), 30 patients with diabetes mellitus and cataract without DRP (DM + C), and 30 healthy control (CON) participants were enrolled into this retrospective study. Except for healthy controls, Aq and blood samples were taken from these patients during their cataract operation. Asprosin, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG concentrations were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: In patients with DRP, the levels of asprosin, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG were significantly higher in both Aq and blood samples compared with the group of patients without DRP. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the measurement of asprosin, 4-HNE, and 8-OHdG levels may support clinicians in determining the risk of DRP development.

Here we present an eleven-year-old male patient who had been diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) three years ago due to recurrent sinopulmonary infections. Two years later he had been diagnosed with Crohn's disease (CD) due to diarrhea episodes which were unresponsive to the treatment. Depending on the active gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation he underwent total colectomy. Despite immunoglobulin and antiviral therapies, general condition of patient deteriorated and he died in the postoperative seventh day. Laboratory analysis was seronegative. CMV inclusion containing cells were detected in postmortem biopsies taken from liver, lungs, and lymph nodes.

Backround Diabetic retinopathy is a disease seen with microvascular complications as a result of hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Alarin and Adipsin are molecules with a role in energy and glucose metabolism. The aim of this study was to determine plasma and aqueous levels of Alarin and Adipsin in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy to evaluate their potential roles in diabetic retinopathy. Methods The study included one eye from each of 20 cataract patients without diabetes (C), 20 cataract patients with diabetes and without diabetic retinopathy (DM + C), and 20 cataract patients with diabetes and diabetic retinopathy (DR + C). Plasma and aqueous humour samples were taken from all patients during the cataract operation. Alarin and Adipsin levels were examined with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results Both plasma and aqueous Alarin levels were significantly higher in the patients with diabetic retinopathy than in the control group (p < 0.001, p = 0.006). Adipsin levels were found to be significantly higher in plasma in the control group than in the DR + C group and significantly higher in aqueous in the DR + C group than in the control group (p < 0.001, p < 0.001). Conclusion These findings suggest that Alarin and Adipsin may play important role in diabetic retinopathy.