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Spinosad resistance in a population of Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) from Antalya and its cross resistance to acrinathrin and formetanate 1 Antalya'dan alınan bir Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande, 1895) popülasyonunda spinosad direnci ve bu popülasyonun acrinathrin ve formetanate'a karşı çapraz direnci

the transgenic plants. Moreover, it was found that a single copy of the gene in the hemizygous condition is sufficient to confer tolerance to leaf miner. This is the first reported development of tomato plants resistant to T. absoluta. These transgenic plants are promising for development of commercial tomato cultivars resistant to leaf miner, which will limit the use of environmentally harmful chemicals for control of this pest.

The tomato borer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), was first recorded in Turkey in August 2009 and rapidly became a serious pest in the Mediterranean and Aegean coastal regions in field and greenhouse grown tomatoes. Currently, insecticides are considered one of the major tools for the management of T. absoluta in Turkey. This study, investigated the efficacy of 7 different insecticides, against T. absoluta in laboratory bioassays. To determine the lethal concentration (LC) values and feeding activity of the larvae, tomato leaf parts mined by 1–3 day old L1 larvae were dipped into different insecticide concentrations. Mortality was recorded 5 days after insecticide treatments. Spinosad, chlorantraniliprole + abamectin or indoxacarb treatment resulted in 100% mortality with minimal or no feeding in all populations at their recommended doses of 120, 50.4 and 60 mg a.s. L−1, respectively. In general, the LC99 values of populations for these insecticides were similar and also lower than that of the recommended field doses. The effect of pyridalyl was low, resulting in low mortality with serious feeding damage at the dose of 125 mg a.s. L−1. The efficacies of abamectin, metaflumizone and azadirachtin were found to be moderate to low at the recommended doses (4.5, 240 and 50 mg a.s. L−1, respectively). However, these insecticides may affect pupation and adult emergence rates hence further studies are recommended to investigate these insecticides.