As traffic conditions on arterial streets vary by day and month, fixed time signal control do not cope optimally with traffic demand. Especially megacities suffering from traffic congestions would need traffic responsive control systems. In this paper a low-cost real-time coordinated traffic signal control system is presented which is suited in particular for megacities in developing or newly industrializing countries. The proposed system is based on a pattern recognition method using feed forward artificial neural networks. The system recognizes the traffic state by system detectors and selects suitable settings out of a set of previously optimized timing plans. Real-time software in the loop simulation technique is used to compare the proposed system with optimized fixed time signal control. Although this study is based on experiments with microscopic traffic flow simulation, the algorithm itself is ready for real world implementations.

Toxic optic neuropathy presenting as bilateral painless visual loss causing central or caecocentral scotoma has a wide differential diagnosis. In this report, we present a rare cause of toxic optic neuropathy presenting as almost indistinct optic disc margins in both eyes in a 30-year old man with blurred vision and difficulty in walking and in writing with a history of adhesive glue sniffing. Caecocentral scotomas in the visual fields; increased total error scores on Farnsworth-Munsell (FM) 100 Hue testing; P 100 reduced amplitude in the pattern visually evoked potentials; and N 95 reduced amplitude in the pattern electroretinogram associated with normal serum electrolytes and vitamin levels suggested acute toxic optic neuropathy related to toluene. Upon cessation of toluene use, the caecocentral scotomas almost disappeared, total error scores in the FM 100 Hue test decreased and visual acuity improved.

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