The findings of the study suggest that periodontal treatment can provide additional benefits in the improvement of ED. However, further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of interaction between these diseases.

In the current study, the protective effect of montelukast (ML) on cisplatin induced reproductive toxicity in rats was investigated. Twenty-eight rats were equally divided into four groups; first group was kept as control. In the second group, ML was orally administered at the dose of 10 mg/kg/day for 10 days. In the third group, CP was intraperitoneally administered at the dose of 7 mg/kg a single injection, and in fourth group, CP and ML were given together at the same doses. Although CP induced oxidative stress via significant increase in the formation of TBARS, it caused a significant decline in the levels of GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD in rats. In contrast, ML prevents these effects of CP through cause an increase in GSH, CAT, GPx, and SOD levels and a decrease in formation of TBARS. In addition, sperm motility and serum testosterone levels significantly decrease and histopathological damage increases with CP treatment. However, the effects of CP on sperm motility, serum testosterone level, oxidative and histopathological changes are eliminated by ML treatment. In conclusion, the current study demonstrated that the reproductive toxicity caused by CP may be prevented by ML treatment. Thus, it was judged that co-administration of ML with CP may be useful to attenuate the negative effects of CP on male reproductive system.

Introduction Chronic periodontitis (CP) is characterized with inflammation of the gingival tissues, which causes endothelial dysfunction in different organs. Aim In this study, we investigated the association of CP with the erectile dysfunction (ED). Methods The study group included 80 male patients with ED and 82 male patients without ED (control), aged between 30 and 40 years. The International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) questionnaire was used to assess male sexual function, particularly the presence or absence of ED. Main Outcome Measures The patients in the study and control groups were statistically compared according to their plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BoP), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Results In the non-ED and the ED groups, the mean age was 35.7 ± 4.8 and 34.9 ± 4.9 years, respectively. Patients' characteristics including body mass index, household income, and education status were similar in both groups (P > 0.05). Nineteen patients (23%) had severe CP in the non-ED group; 42 patients (53%) had severe CP in the ED group. Logistic regression analysis showed a significantly high association between ED and the severity of CP (odds ratio: 3.29, 95% confidence interval: 1.36–9.55, P < 0.01). The mean values of PI, BoP, and the percentages of sites with PD >4 mm and sites with CAL >4 mm were significantly higher in the ED group than in the control group (P < 0.05). The mean values of PD and CAL were not significantly different in the two groups (P > 0.05). The decayed, missing, filled teeth scores were also significantly higher in the ED group than in the non-ED group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results have suggested that CP had a high association with ED in young adults at 30–40 years. We think that it will be of benefit to consider periodontal disease as a causative clinical condition of ED in such patients.

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate long-term effects of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) on the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the relationship between blood flow rate of AVF and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). This prospective study was performed in 20 patients with ESRD. Before an AVF was surgically created for hemodialysis, the patients were evaluated by echocardiography. Then, an AVF was surgically created in all patients. After mean 23.50 ± 2.25 months, the second evaluation was performed by echocardiography. Also, the blood flow rate of AVF was measured at the second echocardiographic evaluation. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was defined as a systolic PAP above 35 mmHg at rest. Mean age of 20 patients with ESRD was 55.05 ± 13.64 years; 11 of 20 patients were males. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected in 6 (30%) patients before AVF creation and in 4 (20%) patients after AVF creation. Systolic PAP value was meaningfully lower after AVF creation than before AVF creation (29.95 ± 10.26 mmHg vs. 35.35 ± 7.86 mmHg, respectively, P: 0.047). However, there was no significant difference between 2 time periods in terms of presence of PAH (P>0.05). Pulmonary artery pressure did not correlate with blood flow rate of AVF and duration after AVF creation (P>0.05). In hemodialysis patients, a surgically created AVF has no significant effect on the development of PAH within a long-term period. Similarly, blood flow rate of AVF also did not affect remarkably systolic PAP within the long-term period.

Aim To investigate the prevalence of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and the possible contributing factors for PAH in patients receiving regular continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patients and Methods The study included 135 CAPD patients and 15 disease-free controls. Patients that had chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe mitral or aortic valve disease, connective tissue disease, history of pulmonary embolism, left ventricular ejection fraction <50%, or chest wall or parenchymal lung disease were excluded. All patients and controls were examined using echocardiography and bioelectrical impedance analysis. PAH was defined as systolic pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) >35 mmHg at rest. Results Mean systolic PAP was higher in the CAPD patients than in the controls (19.66 ± 11.66 vs 14.27 ± 4.55 mmHg, p = 0.001). PAH was detected in 17 (12.6%) of the 135 CAPD patients. Mean systolic PAP was significantly higher in patients with PAH than in those without PAH (42.00 ± 9.13 vs 16.44 ± 7.83 mmHg, p = 0.001). Serum albumin level and ejection fraction were lower in patients with PAH than in those without PAH ( p = 0.001 and 0.003 respectively). The ratio of extracellular water/total body water (ECW/TBW), which can reflect hydration status, was significantly higher in patients with PAH than in those without PAH ( p = 0.008). In the PD group, no patients were hypovolemic; 51 (37.8%) of the 135 PD patients were hypervolemic and 84 (62.2%) were normovolemic. Only 3 of the 17 patients with PAH were normovolemic; the rest were hypervolemic. Mean systolic PAP was significantly higher in hypervolemic PD patients (24.57 ± 14.19 mmHg) than in normovolemic PD patients (16.68 ± 7.61 mmHg) ( p = 0.001). PAP correlated with ECW/TBW ( r=0.317, p = 0.001) and left ventricular mass index (LVMI; r=0.286, p = 0.001). On the other hand, it inversely correlated with serum albumin level ( r = –0.281, p = 0.001), hemoglobin level ( r = –0.165, p = 0.044), and ejection fraction ( r = –0.263, p = 0.001). Serum albumin level, ECW/TBW, and LVMI were found in multivariate analysis to be independent risk factors for PAP. Conclusion PAH is a frequent cardiovascular complication in CAPD patients. Serum albumin level, hypervolemia, and LVMI are major risk factors for PAH. Therefore, strategies for treatment of hypervolemia, left ventricular hypertrophy, and hypoalbuminemia should be enhanced to prevent the development of PAH in CAPD patients.