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ÖzetBu araştırma ortaöğretim coğrafya öğretim programındaki kazanımlara uygun arazi çalışmalarının planlanmasını amaçlamıştır. Böylece İstanbul ili içerisinde kazanımlara uygun arazi çalışması yapılabilecek örneklem alanları belirlenerek bir uygulama açığı kapatılmış olacaktır. Arazi çalışmaları ile sınıf ortamında teorik olarak anlatılan coğrafi bilgiler pratiğe dönüştürülmüş olur. Araştırmamız da nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama tekniği olarak gözlem kullanılmıştır. Veriler örneklem yoluyla analiz edilmiştir. Arazi çalışması planlamalarını yapmak öğretmenlere bırakılmıştır. Araştırmamızın ana problemi coğrafya öğretim programında kazanımlara uygun arazi çalışmalarının nerelerde yapılacağının belirtilmemesidir. Hangi kazanımlar için arazi çalışmasının yürütüleceği coğrafya öğretim programında belirtilmiştir. Daha sonra İstanbul ilinin coğrafi özellikleri dikkate alınarak örneklemler belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen yerlerin konum bilgileri ayrıntılı olarak belirtilmiş ve fotoğraflar çekilerek arazi çalışma sahaları gösterilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular İstanbul ilinde arazi çalışmasına uygun birçok konumun olduğunu göstermektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Coğrafya Öğretimi, İstanbul'da Arazi Çalışmaları, Kazanımlar AbstractThis research aims to plan the fieldwork that are suitable to the outcomes in the geography-teaching program of high schools. In the end, by determining locations in Istanbul city on which fieldwork can be carried out that are suitable to these outcomes, an important practise gap will be filled up. Geographical information that are theoretically mentioned in a classroom environment will be transformed in to practise. In our research, document review which is one of the qualitative research methods was adopted. Observation was used as the data collection method. Data was analysed through sampling method. Planning the schedule of the fieldwork will be up to the teachers. That, where fieldwork suitable to outcomes within geography teaching programs will be carried out was not mentioned previously, this case constitutes the main problem. For which outcomes the fieldwork will be carried out is mentioned in the geography, teaching program. Next, by taking the Istanbul's geographical conditions in to account, samples were determined. Location information of the determined lands were identified in data land study fields were showed by photos taken before. Data collected revels that there are many locations suitable for carrying out geographical fieldwork.

The aims of this study were to test: (a) the association of political orientations with morality orientations, specified by moral foundations theory, on a sample of young adults from Turkey, representing a collectivistic culture; and (b) the statistically mediating roles of needs for cognition and recognition in the links between political orientation and morality endorsements. According to the results (a) right-wing orientation and need for recognition were associated with all the three binding foundations (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity); (b) right-wing orientation was associated with binding foundations also indirectly via the role of need for recognition; (c) regarding individualizing foundations, left-wing orientation and need for cognition were associated with fairness/reciprocity, whereas only gender was associated with harm/care; and (d) left-wing orientation was associated with fairness dimension also indirectly via the role of need for cognition. The cultural relevance of moral foundations theory as well as the roles of needs for cognition and recognition are discussed.

While the Syrian refugees crisis has increasingly continued its effect in both Turkey and other neighboring countries and European countries for more than five years, refugees do not adapt themselves to society in country of asylum, and are exposed to social exclusion. The purpose of the study is to explore social representations of social media users toward Syrian refugees in Turkey with a qualitative approach; because social representations may indicate the problems in the integration process of Syrian refugees and Turkish society, and the reasons of social exclusion toward Syrian refugees. Accordingly 98 entries, which were taken from frequently used social dictionaries in Turkey, were evaluated by researchers and seven thematic units were formed. Thematic units reflect (i) perceived negative features of Syrian refugees, (ii) perceived threats in Turkey due to Syrian refugees, (iii) criticisms toward Syrian refugees policy of Turkish government, (iv) positive attitudes toward Syrian refugees, (v) perceived political importance of Syrian refugees, (vi) proposed solutions toward perceived Syrian refugees problem, and (vii) other criticisms toward Syrian refugees issue. Findings provide useful information which can be used to enable the social adaptation of Syrian refugees into Turkish society.

Objective This study aims to compare both the pericardial roll technique with the patch augmentation technique of the unifocalization, and single‐stage complete repair with the unifocalization and shunt for the repair of the ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries. Methods This was a retrospective review of the 48 patients undergoing unifocalization of the ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and major aorticopulmonary collateral arteries from a single center. Our cohort had two surgical pathways, including single‐stage midline unifocalization (n = 40), unifocalization after pulmonary artery rehabilitation by creating an aortopulmonary window or central shunt (n = 8). There were two surgical techniques in single‐stage midline unifocalizaton, including widening of the pulmonary arteries with a patch (n = 30), and connecting pulmonary arteries with a pericardial roll (n = 10). Results A total of 14 (29.2%) of 48 patients underwent single‐stage complete repair, 26 patients underwent shunt palliation with unifocalization. Combined early and late mortality was seen in seven patients in those who underwent shunt palliation with unifocalization, while it was seen in one patient in those who underwent a single‐stage complete repair (mortality ratio 26.8% vs. 7.1%, p = .22). There was no statistically significant difference between the pericardial roll and patch augmentation techniques in terms of pulmonary artery reintervention (p = .65). Although all pulmonary artery reinterventions were for unilateral pulmonary artery in the roll technique group, 41.7% of reinterventions were for bilateral pulmonary arteries in the pericardial augmentation group. Conclusion Single‐stage complete repair of the ventricular septal defect, pulmonary atresia, and major aorticopulmonary collateral arteries has better results than unifocalization with a shunt. In terms of nonvaluable raw material, the use of the pericardial roll technique is a considerable alternative for unifocalization.