We conclude that obesity is an important factor associated with pregnancy complications and the increase in maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality.

It is difficult to conduct studies with larger series in rarely observed diseases. We report our experience in managing cesarean scar endometriosis (CSE) and emphasize the diagnosis and treatment options. The objective of our study is to review the clinical characteristics of CSE and to evaluate our surgical outcomes. We have collected and documented a case series of 12 patients who underwent surgical wide en bloc excision with surrounding clear margins for CSE. Patients' demographic features, symptoms, and clinical and operative findings were evaluated. The mean age was 34.6 years. Cyclical pain was documented in seven patients, while three patients presented with noncyclical pain. Menstrually-related enlargement of the nodule was observed in four patients, and only one patient had a complaint of dark brown leakage. The mean operation time was 26 min. The endometriotic lesions ranged from a diameter of 2 to 8 cm in size. Patients recovered completely, and no recurrence was observed. To prevent iatrogenic transplantation, additional attention is needed during surgery that exposes endometrial tissue. Complete wide excision of CSE is both diagnostic and therapeutic. To avoid unnecessary referrals, awareness of its typical clinical manifestations remains the mainstay for intervention. The most important issues to be considered during surgery is nonspreading endometriosis while manipulation.

Objective: To evaluate the success rates and clinical outcomes of cervical cryotherapy applied to cervical ectopy for symptomatic relief. Subjects and Methods: A total of 124 women who underwent cryotherapy for symptomatic treatment of cervical ectopy were included in this study. Indications for treatment were: abundant leucorrhoea (n = 114), post-coital bleeding (n = 22), recurrent cervicitis (n = 30) and pelvic pain (n = 12). Cryotherapy consisted of the use of carbon dioxide at -89°C to destroy the ectopic columnar epithelium by freezing, and it was transmitted to the ectopy through a flat cryoprobe. No routine anaesthesia or analgesia was administered. All patients were questioned about the status of their symptoms after 6 weeks of treatment. Results: The highest success rate was obtained in patients with abundant leucorrhoea (n = 102; 89.5%), while the lowest success rate was achieved in subjects with pelvic pain (n = 7; 58%). After treatment, no severe complications were observed, except for hydrorrhoea for a few days. Success rates were 9 times lower in patients who had 3 or more cervicitis episodes per 6 months. Conclusion: In this study, the success rate ofcryotherapy was highest in patients with abundant leucorrhoea and lowest in patients with pelvic pain and recurrent cervicitis. Hence, we recommend that clinicians perform the procedure in such patients without much delay.

RALM appears to provide the same surgical outcomes when compared with traditional laparoscopic myomectomy.

No abstract