Bagging spathes time is one of the most important factor, which affect fruit set, yield and physicochemical characteristics of date palm cv. Barhi and Majdool date palm under Sudan condition were assessed under agro climatic conditions of Sudan during 2015, 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Treatments consisted of five varied bagging timings using kraft paper i.e., at spathe bagging 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after pollination compared with control (unbagging). Data were collected for fruit set (%), fruit drop (%), fruit yield (kg/ palm) and some of physicochemical quality parameters. Results revealed that bagging times affected all the parameters significantly. Maximum fruit set and fruit yield and best fruit quality and minimum fruit drop of two cultivars from bagging at spathes 30 days after pollination. Fruit quality improved the overall fruit physicochemical quality characteristics with maximum fruit length, fruit width, fruit volume, fruit weight, total soluble solids, total acidity and total sugars. This study proved that bagging spathes after pollination 30days was more effective for optimum fruit set and economic yield and best fruit quality.

This research was conducted to study the effect of different pollen grain sources on yield, maturity and fruit quality of "Barhi" date palm cultivar. Pollen grains were collected from six locations, Al-khoglab Male1, Soba Male2, Al-Halfaya Male3, Bahary Male4, Al-Grief Male5, Shambat Male6, for hand pollination of Barhi cv. female trees during successive seasons (2019-2021). Fruits were harvested at full maturity stage (full coloring) to determine physical and chemical characteristics as bunch weight, total yield, fruit weight, length, and diameter, seed weight, length and diameter, Total Soluble Solids (TSS%), maturity % and fruit flesh weight %. Results indicated that the highest Pollen germination % and length fruit were recorded in Shambat Male 6.The highest fruit set %, bunch weight, total yield, fruit length /diameter (L/D) ratio with Al-khoglab Male 1and Shambat Male 6.There is no significant differences with six pollen sources was attained fruit diameter, Seed Weight and seed length / diameter (L/D) ratio. It is better to use, Al-khoglab Male1 or Shambat Male 6. Pollen grains of Khartoum region -Sudan to pollinate date palm of Barhi to obtain the best fruit quality.

An experiment of Barhe date palm cultivar was conducted during three successive seasons 2015, 2016 and 2017 to compare between the different pollination techniques included traditional pollination, dusting technique and liquid spraying technique on fruit set, fruit quality and yield of Barhi date palm cultivar. The results of this study showed that all the pollination techniques induce significant differences between the treatments. The dust pollination gave high fruit set %, excellent fruit quality and high yield than traditional pollination. The poorest and lowest fruit set, quality and yield produced from the liquid spraying of pollens. Generally, dusting techniques is the cheapest and easiest and minimum cost means of pollination.

An experiment of Barhi date palm cultivar was conducted during two successive seasons, 2016, and 2017, to compare between the different thinning of strands, 1/3 shortening of the total strands from the tips, 1/3 removal of the central strands, 1/3 shortening plus 1/3 removal of central strands . All the thinning treatments improved the fruit quality with respect to fresh fruit weight, fruit flesh weight, reducing sugar and non-reducing sugar contents as compared to the control treatment. Among the various thinning treatments, (combination of 1/3 shortening and 1/3 removal of central strands) produced the best fruit weight, flesh percentage, reducing and non-reducing sugars contents of date fruit. Whereas the total date palm yield and bunch weight were significantly reduced by the same treatment (combination of the shortening and central removal of strands). However, the date fruit quality was identical for (1/3 shortening of total strands from terminal tips) and (1/3 removal of the central strands) (i.e., 1/3 removal of central strands and 1/3 shortening of total strands) treatments. There was no significant difference of date palm yield and bunch weight obtained in control treatment than that of strands removing and shortening treatments