The aim of this study was to analyze the efficiency of a physical activity program on executive performance in obese adolescents. Fifteen adolescents (5 males and 10 females), with a mean age of 14.73 years and an IMC mean of 36.74 participated in the study. None of the participants presented a compulsive eating disorder when screened by the Binge Eating Scale. A pretest and posttest assessment, twelve months later, was conducted by using a neuropsychological battery that evaluated the cognitive flexibility (Comprehensive Trail Making Test), inhibition control (Stroop Neuropsychological Screening Test and by the Frontal Assessment Battery), and planning (Tower of London). ANOVA of repeated measures was performed. The within-subjects tests demonstrated significant statistical differences between the two moments of evaluation at the level of inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility tasks, with higher performances in the second evaluation. These results suggest that the inclusion of obese adolescents in such programs may promote their executive capacities.
Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar o efeito da escolaridade na flexibilidade cognitiva em idosos saudáveis. Participaram voluntariamente 105 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, com idade compreendida entre os 65 e os 88 anos e de diferentes níveis educacionais (baixo, médio, alto e sem escolaridade). O Mini Mental State Examination e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck foram aplicados para avaliar, respetivamente, o estado cognitivo e a depressão, e o Wisconsin Card Sorting Test foi utilizado para medir a flexibilidade cognitiva. As análises de covariância efetuadas demonstraram que o nível educacional exerceu um efeito principal no desempenho do WCST. Os idosos sem escolaridade e com nível educacional baixo, obtiveram resultados mais pobres nos indicadores de flexibilidade cognitiva que os participantes com nível educacional médio e alto. Estes resultados evidenciam o efeito positivo dos anos de escolaridade nos rendimentos neuropsicológicos em indivíduos saudáveis.
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